Effects of HCl pretreatment, drying, and storage on the stable isotope ratios of soil and sediment samples

Kim, Min-Seob; Lee, Wonseok; Kumar, K. Suresh; Shin, Kyung‐Hoon; Robarge, Wayne P.; Kim, Minseok; Lee, Sang Ryong

doi:10.1002/rcm.7600

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The error associated with the HCl pre-treatment systematically decreases the measured δ 15 N by up to 4 . Therefore, enrichment at Friis Hills represents a minimum estimate (Kim et al, 2016). The δ 15 N values are similar to those found in fauna of the Antarctic Peninsula (e.g.…”

Section: The Mid-miocene Tundra Environmentsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The results are expressed in δ notation, which corresponds to the parts per thousand difference of 13 C/ 12 C with respect to the Vienna Pee-Dee Belemnite (VPDB) standard and 15 N/ 14 N with respect to the air (AIR) standard. A large error of ±4 was attributed to the δ 15 N results due to the possible effects of the HCl pre-treatment (Kim et al, 2016), but results are still presented to identify relative trends (variation within sample distribution > 4 ). Multiple comparison analyses were conducted in MATLAB R2018a(9.4.0.813654).…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing 15 Myr of environmental change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys through permafrost geochemistry

Verret¹

2021

Preprint

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The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the largest ice-free region in Antarctica. Valley downcutting by major outlet glaciers and post-glacial uplift since the mid-Miocene have resulted in predominantly younger surficial sediments in the low elevation, coastal areas and significantly older sediments in high elevation, inland areas. The hyper-arid conditions that prevail in the high elevations (> 1000 m a.s.l.) of the McMurdo Dry Valleys have protected these surfaces from alteration and weathering, and provide important sediment records of paleoenvironments dating back to the early Miocene. The Friis Hills (77°45’S, 161°30’E, 1200–1500 m a.s.l.) are a 12 km-wide inselberg situated at the head of Taylor Valley. This unique location allowed Miocene-age sediments to be preserved and protected from subsequent ice sheet expansions. Permafrost within these sediments is potentially the oldest on Earth. As sediments accumulate in periglacial environments, permafrost aggrades with minimal lag time and potentially preserves sediments, organic material and ground ice. The 2016 Friis Hills Drilling Project retrieved a ∼50 m thick permafrost sequence, which not only consists of an archive of Antarctic environmental changes from approximately 14–15 Ma but also records the paleoenvironmental changes of the Neogene and provides insight on the modern hyper-arid environment. The main objective of this project is to understand the unique geochemical characteristics of these permafrost cores and document 15 Myr of change in the upper elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions of interglacial periods suggest a tundra-like environment in the high elevations of continental Antarctica through the mid-Miocene. Plants such as lichens, liverworts, mosses, grasses and sedges, dicots and Nothofagaceae occupied the Friis Hills during the mid-Miocene. The δ13C signal of C3 plants (-25.5 ± 0.7 ‰ VPDB) corresponds to a semi-arid environment with a mean annual precipitation ranging from 300 to 850 mm yr-1. The unusually high δ15N reflects an ecosystem with up to three trophic levels, supported by the presence of insect fragments, feathers barbs (birds) and tardigrades fragments within the sediment. The deep ice lenses and their meteoric signature suggest a near-saturated active layer during the mid-Miocene. Temperature reconstructions based on the corrected δ18O value of the deep ground ice and change in paleogeography imply that the mid-Miocene (11.1–13.9 Ma) was ∼6 to 12°C warmer. These paleoenvironmental conditions are comparable to those found in the modern Arctic, such as in west Greenland. A dominant trend of literature suggests that the high elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys have remained under a hyper-arid polar climate since ∼13.8 Ma. However, the presence of 10Bemet in the upper section of the Friis Hills and Table Mountain cores provides evidence for the translocation of clays, which is only possible under a warmer and wetter climate. The 10Bemet concentrations imply that these conditions were present until ∼6.0 Ma at Friis Hills and Table Mountain, consequently challenging the idea that the upper McMurdo Dry Valleys have remained frozen under hyper-arid climate since the mid-Miocene climate transition. Hence, this finding supports the hypothesis that the Miocene has undergone progressive cooling with onset of polar aridity between 7 and 5.4 Ma. The erosion-corrected paleo-active layer depth suggests mean annual air temperatures ranging from -12 to -9°C ∼6.0 Ma. In other words, this thesis shows that the upper McMurdo Dry Valleys have been frozen under hyperarid conditions only since ∼6 Ma and not for 14 Myr as previously thought. The ground ice in the uppermost 1 m originates from the modern freezing of evaporated snowmelt and the presence of high salt content which allows unfrozen water in the near-surface. The conformity of dry permafrost samples to biological ratios suggests that the modern environment is regulated by biochemical processes and the current pool of organic carbon in the dry permafrost appears to be in equilibrium with a modern climate and ecosystem. These findings not only characterize the paleoenvironmental changes of continental Antarctica through the late Miocene but also provide a better understanding of the modern ultraxerous conditions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys.

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Section: The Mid-miocene Tundra Environmentsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing 15 Myr of environmental change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys through permafrost geochemistry

Verret¹

2021

Preprint

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“…They confirmed this method as the most appropriate acid treatment for decarbonation. With regard to the effects of acid concentration, Kim et al reported that the optimum concentration of HCl required to remove inorganic carbon from samples was 1 mol/L. In this study, 1 mol/L HCl was used to treat the reference material (IAEA‐CH‐6) and some samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Precise carbon isotopic ratio analyses of micro amounts of carbonate and non‐carbonate in basalt using continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Zha

Gong

Zheng

et al. 2017

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Homogenized powder samples of each tissue were decalcified with 1N HCl for at least 24 h to remove possible carbonates. However, subsamples for δ 15 N analysis were not treated with acid because it has been reported that HCl treatment affects δ 15 N values [ 36 ]. After the acid treatment, the samples were re-dried using a freeze drier and were ground to a fine powder, which was thoroughly mixed prior to analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Microcystin (LR, RR and YR) in Three Freshwater Bivalves in Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom Using Dual Isotope Tracer

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Marine Drugs

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Stable isotope tracers were first applied to evaluate the Microcystis cell assimilation efficiency of Sinanodonta bivalves, since the past identification method has been limited to tracking the changes of each chl-a, clearity, and nutrient. The toxicity profile and accumulation of MC-LR, -RR and -YR in different organs (foot and digestive organs) from the three filter-feeders (Sinanodonta woodiana, Sinanodonta arcaeformis, and Unio douglasiae) were assessed under the condition of toxigenic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) blooms through an in situ pond experiment using 13C and 15N dual isotope tracers. Chl-a concentration in the manipulated pond was dramatically decreased after the beginning of the second day, ranging from 217.5 to 15.6 μg·L−1. The highest amount of MCs was incorporated into muscle and gland tissues in U. douglasiae during the study period, at nearly 2 or 3 times higher than in S. woodiana and S. arcaeformis. In addition, the incorporated 13C and 15N atom % in the U. douglasiae bivalve showed lower values than in other bivalves. The results demonstrate that U. douglasiae has less capacity to assimilate toxic cyanobacteria derived from diet. However, the incorporated 13C and 15N atom % of S. arcaeformis showed a larger feeding capacity than U. douglasiae and S. woodiana. Our results therefore also indicate that S. arcaeformis can eliminate the toxin more rapidly than U. douglasiae, having a larger detoxification capacity.

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Effects of HCl pretreatment, drying, and storage on the stable isotope ratios of soil and sediment samples

Cited by 33 publications

References 80 publications

Reconstructing 15 Myr of environmental change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys through permafrost geochemistry

Reconstructing 15 Myr of environmental change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys through permafrost geochemistry

Precise carbon isotopic ratio analyses of micro amounts of carbonate and non‐carbonate in basalt using continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Accumulation of Microcystin (LR, RR and YR) in Three Freshwater Bivalves in Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom Using Dual Isotope Tracer

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