“…However, titanium alloy has high activity, low thermal conductivity, and high deformation resistance [4][5][6][7], which makes it very difficult to manufacture by traditional manufacturing methods, such as casting [8,9], forging [10,11], and welding [12][13][14]. In addition, aerospace parts tend to be functional, lightweight, and have a structural integrated design [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Meanwhile, it is increasingly difficult for traditional manufacturing technology to meet the manufacturing needs of aerospace titanium alloy parts with complex structures.…”