Effects of Helicopter Parenting on Depression in Female Emerging Adults : Examining the Mediating Role of Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism

Abstract

Objectives: This study examined the effects of paternal and maternal helicopter parenting on depression in female emerging adults by focusing on the mediating roles of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Methods: Participants included 305 female college students and graduates. They completed questionnaires regarding helicopter parenting, perfectionism, and depression. Results: Maternal helicopter parenting had a direct effect on depression. While adaptive perfectionism played no mediating role in this relationship, maladaptive perfectionism did. Paternal helicopter parenting showed no direct effect on depression, and perfectionism did not play any mediating role in this relationship. Conclusions: The present findings confirmed that depression in female adult children in emerging adulthood could be significantly affected by maternal helicopter parenting. These findings have implications for future research and practice, specifically with reference to designing programs for reducing depression in female emerging adults.

Perceived Helicopter Parenting and Depression Among Korean University Students: The Mediating Effect of Assertiveness

“…최종 경로모형 Beck 2011, (Darlow, Norvilitis, & Schuetze, 2017;Hong & Doh, 2018;J. Lee & Kang, 2018;Schiffrin et al, 2014).…”

“…, , (Padilla-Walker & Nelson, 2012;Schiffrin et al, 2014). , (Reed, Duncan, Lucier-Greer, Fixelle, & Ferraro, 2016), (Hong & Doh, 2018), (J. Lee & Kang, 2018) , Kouros, Pruitt, Ekas, Kiriaki Sunderland (2017) .…”

Influence of Perceived Helicopter Parenting, Critical Thinking Disposition, Cognitive Ability, and Learning Motivation on Learning Behavior among Nursing Students

“…Recently, with interest in helicopter parenting growing in various academic fields, several studies have examined the relationship between helicopter parenting and depression in undergraduate students [4,19,20], the relationship between helicopter parenting and university students' academic achievement [6,7], and helicopter parenting attributes [21]. Studies of nursing students have been conducted to conceptually analyze helicopter parenting [9], develop a helicopter parenting scale [22], and examine the relationship between helicopter parenting and learning competence of nursing students [23].…”

Moderating the Association Between Overparenting and Mental Health: Open Family Communication and Emerging Adult Children’s Trait Autonomy

“…In explaining the negative association between overparenting and child mental health, as noted by Cui et al ( 2022 ), the most commonly used theory has been self-determination theory which posits that controlling contexts (e.g., overparenting) tend to frustrate individuals’ basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), which in turn leads to psychological ill-being or distress (Deci & Ryan, 2000 ). Other mechanisms linking overparenting and child mental distress include ineffective coping (Segrin et al, 2013 ), low distress tolerance (Perez et al, 2020 ), maladaptive perfectionism (Hong and Doh, 2018 ), lack of self-control or self-regulation (Hong & Cui 2020 ; Moilanen & Manuel 2019 ), and attachment insecurity in close relationships (Rousseau & Scharf, 2015 ). In summary, it appears that overparenting frustrates emerging adults’ basic psychological needs and discourages the development of adequate competencies and skills, which in turn lead to psychological distress.…”