Effects of high CO2 on nodule formation in roots of Japanese mountain alder seedlings grown under two nutrient levels

Koike, Takao; Izuta, Takeshi; Lei, Thomas T.; Kitao, Mitsutoshi; Asanuma, Shuichi

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_285

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, Berthrong et al found relatively small effects of CO 2 treatment on N-fixing bacterial community in the four long-term eCO 2 experimental sites they investigated, and no consistent differences were observed for nifH diversity between aCO 2 and eCO 2 soils [7]. Notably, although only two OTUs were found for the genus Frankia, they were about eightfold more abundant than in aCO 2 , which is also consistent with a previous study that the activity of Frankia species increased with infertile soil in response to eCO 2 [54]. Taking all our current and previous observations together, the long-term treatment of eCO 2 in this grassland ecosystem has increased the overall abundance of nifH gene family, but not necessarily changed the diazotrophic community diversity and structure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Diversity and Co-occurrence Patterns of N2-Fixing Communities in a CO2-Enriched Grassland Ecosystem

Zhou

et al. 2015

Microb Ecol

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Diazotrophs are the major organismal group responsible for atmospheric nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural ecosystems. The extensive diversity and structure of N2-fixing communities in grassland ecosystems and their responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 remain to be further explored. Through pyrosequencing of nifH gene amplicons and extraction of nifH genes from shotgun metagenomes, coupled with co-occurrence ecological network analysis approaches, we comprehensively analyzed the diazotrophic community in a grassland ecosystem exposed to elevated CO2 (eCO2) for 12 years. Long-term eCO2 increased the abundance of nifH genes but did not change the overall nifH diversity and diazotrophic community structure. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of amplified nifH sequences suggested a high diversity of nifH genes in the soil ecosystem, the majority belonging to nifH clusters I and II. Co-occurrence ecological network analysis identified different co-occurrence patterns for different groups of diazotrophs, such as Azospirillum/Actinobacteria, Mesorhizobium/Conexibacter, and Bradyrhizobium/Acidobacteria. This indicated a potential attraction of non-N2-fixers by diazotrophs in the soil ecosystem. Interestingly, more complex co-occurrence patterns were found for free-living diazotrophs than commonly known symbiotic diazotrophs, which is consistent with the physical isolation nature of symbiotic diazotrophs from the environment by root nodules. The study provides novel insights into our understanding of the microbial ecology of soil diazotrophs in natural ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Diversity and Co-occurrence Patterns of N2-Fixing Communities in a CO2-Enriched Grassland Ecosystem

Zhou

et al. 2015

Microb Ecol

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“…Most plant species need symbiotic micro-organisms, such as fungi (e.g., Smith and Read, 2008) and bacteria (e.g., Koike et al, 1997;Nakamura et al, 1999;Tobita et al, 2011;Hoosbeek et al 2011). The essential role of symbionts in forest respiration can be determined by a simple girdling method at the bottom part of the stem (Högberg et al, 2001).…”

Section: Biological Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…acted as a nitrogen provider and a carbon sink to Red alder (Arnone and Gordon, 1990), Black alder (Hoosbeek et al 2011) and Japanese mountain alder (Koike, 1993;Koike et al, 1997;Tobita et al, 2011). Host plants usually maintain a high photosynthetic rate with the help of the symbionts (Nakamura et al, 1999;Choi et al, 2005;).…”

Section: Biological Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in our FACE experiment, the leaf nitrogen concentration and SLA (reciprocal of LMA) of all species, except alder, decreased under eCO 2 . Alder undergoes symbiosis with Nfixing micro-organisms, namely Frankia sp., that may act as a sink of photosynthates (Koike et al, 1997;Tobita et al, 2011). This symbiont supplied nitrogen to the host alders, and as such alder leaves usually had high SLA and nitrogen content (Koike 1993;Koike et al 1997).…”

Section: Biological Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alder undergoes symbiosis with Nfixing micro-organisms, namely Frankia sp., that may act as a sink of photosynthates (Koike et al, 1997;Tobita et al, 2011). This symbiont supplied nitrogen to the host alders, and as such alder leaves usually had high SLA and nitrogen content (Koike 1993;Koike et al 1997). Leaves of alder grown in VA and eCO 2 had been intensively grazed by the leaf beetle (Agelastica coerulea); as a result, these leaves died during the second growing season of CO 2 fumigation.…”

Section: Biological Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecophysiology of deciduous trees native to Northeast Asia grown under FACE (Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment)

Koike

Watanabe

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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We examined the effects of elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) on the growth and photosynthetic responses of deciduous trees using a Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE). In the FACE, photosynthesis was down-regulated in several trees but not in alder. Except alder, the leaf nitrogen concentration decreased in eCO 2 . Alder underwent symbiosis with N-fixing microorganisms (Frankia sp.) in roots, which act as a sink of photosynthates. Leaves of alder had intensively been grazed by leaf beetles in eCO 2 , due to the enhanced leaf N concentration; grazed leaves died later. The leaf area index was initially increased by eCO 2 , but this increment minimized over time, as it was found in other FACE systems in global. The light compensation point of the light-photosynthetic curves declined, with an increase in the initial slope of the curve. In eCO 2 , the stomatal conductance of most species decreased and the photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE) increased. We expected the eCO 2 -induced increase in the PWUE being accompanied by smaller size and density of the vessels. However, in eCO 2 , the vessel size of petioles and current shoots decreased without evident anatomical changes. We conclude that the whole plant physiology must be studied in order to provide insight into further changes.

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Responses of plant rhizosphere to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

2000

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Effects of high CO2 on nodule formation in roots of Japanese mountain alder seedlings grown under two nutrient levels

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

The Diversity and Co-occurrence Patterns of N2-Fixing Communities in a CO2-Enriched Grassland Ecosystem

The Diversity and Co-occurrence Patterns of N2-Fixing Communities in a CO2-Enriched Grassland Ecosystem

Ecophysiology of deciduous trees native to Northeast Asia grown under FACE (Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment)

Responses of plant rhizosphere to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

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