Effects of High Grain Feeding and Stage of Lactation on Serum Insulin, Glucose and Milk Fat Percentage in Lactating Cows

Jenny, B.F.; Polan, C.E.; Thye, Forrest W.

doi:10.1093/jn/104.4.379

Cited by 59 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The negative correlation between HbG and milk production is consistent with the negative correlation established between blood glucose level and milk production (Jenny et al 1974;Snijders et al 2001). As HbG concentration appears to be a good indicator of long +0.011 -term mean blood glucose level, the negative correlation between HbG percentage and milk production is no doubt related to lower blood glucose concentration in more productive cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It has also been suggested that the blood glucose concentration affects the rate of synthesis of milk lactose, hence milk volume by osmotic association (Kronfeld 1982). A negative correlation has been demonstrated between milk production and plasma glucose concentration (Jenny et al 1974) and genetically superior cows which have high milk yields maintain a relatively low plasma glucose level (Snijders et al 2001). The general consensus at present is that lactose acts primarily as an osmolyte in milk, so that the effect of increasing lactose synthesis is to draw more water into the milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

et al. 2009

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Glucose is the major precursor of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Lactose the major carbohydrate and osmolyte of milk, controls milk volume and its concentration. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbG) is a retrospective measure of mean blood glucose level and it is largely unaffected by recent physiological conditions and environmental events. The purposes of this study were to determine the correlations between lactose traits and other milk production traits in dairy cattle and to investigate whether HbG level can be correlated with milk and lactose production traits. Here, HbG percentage, milk and lactose production traits including milk yield, lactose, protein, SNF, total solid and fat percentages and yields were measured in 485 second calved Iranian Holstein cattle. Statistically significant negative correlations were established between HbG and milk yield (r=−0.88), lactose yield (r=−0.83), SNF yield (r=−0.81), protein yield (r=−0.79) and total solid yield (r=−0.74). Positive correlations were established between lactose yield and milk (r=0.96), protein (r=0.81), SNF (r=0.92) and total solid (r=0.79) yields. The negative correlation between HbG and milk and total lactose production is Vet Res Commun (2010) probably related to the higher glucose demands in the lactating mammary gland of more productive cows. The positive correlation between lactose yield and milk, protein, SNF and total solid yield indicates that the level of lactose synthesis influences milk production traits in ways other than merely via its osmolytic action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

et al. 2009

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“…This increment, however, was lower than that reported in cattle fed high concentrate diets (Jenny et al 1974;Vasilatos and Wangsness 1980). An increase in postprandial insulin secretion facilitates glucose and amino acid uptake by peripheral tissues (Brokman and Laarveld 1986).…”

Section: Effect Of Feeding On Hormone and Metabolite Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Effect of feed restriction on plasma concentration of hormones and metabolites in steers fed grass silage

Ouellet¹,

Seoane²,

Bernier³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2001. Effect of feed restriction on plasma concentration of hormones and metabolites in steers fed grass silage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 553-561. Plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites were measured in growing steers to establish their relation with degree of feed restriction. Sixty medium frame beef steers (259 ± 29 kg) were divided in groups of five and fed during 3 mo either timothy (T) or bromegrass (B) harvested at stem elongation of the first cut or at boot stage of the aftermath. Forages were fed at one of three levels of intake: ad libitum (FF), 80% of FF, or 65% of FF. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose and nonesterfied fatty acids (NEFA) were measured on day 1 and day 78 before the morning meal. The effect of a meal on GH, insulin, glucagon, IGF-1, glucose and NEFA concentrations was also determined in 24 steers sampled from 3 h before to 3 h after a meal. Severity of feed restriction resulted in a linear decrease (P < 0.05) of plasma glucagon (0.139, 0.130, 0.121 ± 0.005 ng mL -1 ) and IGF-1 (109, 98, 84 ± 7 ng mL -1 ). Insulin concentration tended to be affected quadratically (0.37, 0.35, 0.27 ± 0.04 ng mL -1 for FF, 80% of FF and 65% of FF, respectively, P < 0.10). Ingestion of a meal resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) of GH, NEFA and glucose, and an increase of insulin concentrations (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) between IGF-1 and average daily gain, and lipid percentage of carcasses suggesting that IGF-1 is related to growth rate and fat accumulation in growing steers. kg) ont été divisés en groupes de cinq et alimentés pour une période de trois mois avec de la fléole ou du brome récoltés au stade d'élongation de la première coupe ou au stade bouton du regain. Les fourrages ont été servis à un des trois niveaux suivants: à volonté (AV), 80% de AV, ou 65% de AV. Les concentrations plasmatiques de l'hormone de croissance (HC), de l'insuline, du glucagon, du IGF-1, du glucose et des acides gras non estérifiés (AGNE) ont été déterminés aux jours 1 et 78 avant le repas matinal. L'effet de l'ingestion du repas sur les niveaux plasmatiques de l'HC, de l'insuline, du glucagon, de l'IGF-1, du glucose et des AGNE a été aussi déterminé chez 24 bouvillons échantillonnés de 3 h avant à 3 h après un repas. La sévérité de la restiction alimentaire a causé une diminution linéaire (P < 0,05) de la concentration plasmatique de glucagon (0,139; 0,130; 0,121 ± 0,005 ng mL -1 ) et de l'IGF-1 (109; 98; 84 ± 7 ng mL -1 ) et tendait à affecter de façon quadratique la concentration de l'insuline (0,37; 0,35; 0,27 ± 0,04 ng mL -1 pour les groupes à AV, 80% de AV et 65% de AV, respectivement, P < 0,10). L'ingestion du repas a causé une diminution (P < 0,05) de la concentration de l'HC, des AGNE et du glucose tandis que la concentration de l'insuline augmentait (P < 0,05). Les concentrations d'IGF-1 était corrélée (r = 0,53, P < 0,05) avec le gain moyen quotidien et la composition lipidique des carcasses...

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“…The high-NFC (starch) diet intake results in the production of a large amount of propionate [5,12], from which Glu is derived [4]. The increased production of Glu used as an energy source may increase the frequency of the lipogenesis from acetate, and the propionate and Glu promote the secretion of insulin stimulating the lipogenesis [6,11]. The increased serum contents of TG and T-cho at the later fattening stage may be explained by the increased intake of NFC (starch) and crude fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Adachi¹,

Kawano²,

Tsuno³

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Few reference values for use in metabolic profile tests for the maintenance of high productivity and the prevention of production diseases have been reported in Japanese Black beef cattle. To obtain basic data, 101 healthy steers at farms with high productivity and low frequencies of disease and death in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the values of their serum components in this preliminary study. At the later fattening stage (5 to 20 months after introduction), statistically significant increases were observed in the mean serum activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatine phosphokinase, the mean serum contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, albumin (Alb), total protein, blood urea nitrogen, magnesium, and vitamin E, and the mean serum calcium (Ca)/inorganic phosphorus (IP) ratio, and statistically significant decreases were seen in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the mean serum contents of glucose, IP, and vitamin A. The mean serum Alb/ globulin ratio and the mean serum Ca and nonesterified fatty acids contents demonstrated no statistically significant changes. -KEY WORDS: beef cattle (Japanese Black), serum component value, steer.

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Effects of High Grain Feeding and Stage of Lactation on Serum Insulin, Glucose and Milk Fat Percentage in Lactating Cows

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

Effect of feed restriction on plasma concentration of hormones and metabolites in steers fed grass silage

Values of the Serum Components in Japanese Black Beef Steers at Farms with High Productivity and Low Frequencies of Disease and Death in Miyazaki Prefecture.

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