Effects of high metal concentrations on antioxidative system in Phragmites australis grown in mine and flotation tailings ponds

Abstract

Aims Phragmites australis grows as a pioneer plant species in several mine and flotation tailings ponds distinguished by extremely high concentrations of metals. The main goals of this study were to estimate the effects of the specific concentrations and combinations of accumulated metals on the efficiency of antioxidative enzymes and plant oxidative status. This study is relevant to our understanding of the common reed exceptional capacity to endure extreme edaphic conditions. Methods Metal concentrations were determined in the sediment, roots and leaves. Antioxidative enzymes activities, amounts of pigments and phenolics, total antioxidative capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation level (LP) were analysed in plant organs. Results Effects of accumulated metals depended on their concentrations and their stoichiometry. Antioxidative enzymes and TAC in roots were significantly reduced, resulting in consequent increase in LP. Pb concentration in leaves did not significantly change enzymes activities, whereas toxic level of Cu impeded activity of catalaze and ascorbate peroxidase. Conclusions The results indicate that in the conditions of high root metal contamination the mechanisms involved in their immobilization and detoxification cannot completely restrain their toxicity. Their effects on enzymes activities depend on the type of enzyme, metal concentrations, specific ratios and interactions.

Impact of polystyrene microplastics on cadmium uptake in corn (Zea maysL.) in acadmium‐contaminatedcalcareous soil

“…Chlorella vulgaris ' development and chlorophyll concentration are more inhibited by a PS‐heavy metal combination (Mn, Cu, and Zn) than by single PS 77 . Heavy metal accumulation may inhibit enzyme function, causing oxidative damage and slowing biological growth, and metabolism 78,79 …”

“…77 Heavy metal accumulation may inhibit enzyme function, causing oxidative damage and slowing biological growth, and metabolism. 78,79 The application of Cd and PS separately or together significantly reduced the leaf area and plant height of Z. mays L. (shown in Tables 2-4). Furthermore, PS may have hindered hydrocarbon photosynthesis and reduced biomass production by lowering chlorophyll levels, which contributed to the decrease in leaf area and plant height (as shown in Table 4, Figures 11 and 12).…”

Land as a resource for biomass production

“…Главни узрок варијација у приносима код вишегодишњих усјева за биомасу јесу варијације у влажности земљишта, док су варијације у зрачењима и падавинама од мањег утицаја (Larsen et al 2016) Састав земљишта има ограничен утицај на концентрацију елемената у биомаси и на квалитет биомасе вишегодишњих биоенергетских трава (Delaquis et al 2016), док рН земљишта и садржај метала имају утицаја на њихове горивне одлике (Tran et al 2020). На тешким металима високо загађеним земљишним површинама могу да расту и развијају се биљке које се користе за производњу биомасе, али образујући знатно мањи принос (Andrejić et al 2019a,б;Prica et al 2019;Kovačević et al 2020). Тешки метали у сувишку узрокују видљива оштећена на листовима (хлорозу и некрозу), смањују стопу фотосинтезе, брзину транспирације, проводљивост стома, интерцелуларне концентрације CO 2 , параметре флуоресценције хлорофила а и садржај хлорофила б (Andrejić et al 2018).…”

RNA sequencing provides insights into the effect of dietary ingestion of microplastics and cadmium in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…The accumulation of heavy metals in organisms may destroy enzyme activity, lead to oxidative damage, and affect biological growth and metabolism. In addition, these heavy metals are often concentrated and amplified in organisms at higher levels of the food chain, particularly in the benthos (Boyd and Massaut, 1999;Esmaeilzadeh et al, 2017;Kovacevic et al, 2020). These organisms may become food for humans and then threaten human health.…”