Effects of high protein diets on metabolic syndrome parameters

Wojcik, Jennifer L; Aukema, Harold M.; Zahradka, Peter; Taylor, Carla G.

doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2016.02.001

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Protein was also associated with SBP in the current study. There is evidence that consumption of high protein has a protective effect against the MetS [ 52 ]. However, this association needs to be interpreted with caution given that consuming higher than recommended amounts of protein is associated with increased BP and hypertensive diseases [ 53 ] and is therefore still controversial in the management of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults

et al. 2018

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The study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lifestyle risk factors among Ellisras adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 adults (306 males and 318 females). MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The prevalence of MetS was 23.1% (8.6% males and 36.8 % females). Females appeared to have higher mean values for waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TCHOL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while males had high mean values for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). No significant age and gender differences were observed for dietary intake. Significantly more females (51.9%) presented with increased WC than males (4.6%). Participants who had a high dietary energy intake were significantly less likely to present with larger WC (OR: 0.250 95% CI [0.161; 0.389]), low HDL-C (OR: 0.306 95% CI [0.220; 0.425]) and high LDL-C (OR: 0.583 95% CI [0.418; 0.812]) but more likely to present with elevated FBG (OR: 1.01 95% CI [0.735; 1.386]), high TCHOL (OR: 1.039 95% CI [0.575; 1.337]), high TG (OR: 1.186 95% CI [0.695; 2.023]) and hypertension (OR: 5.205 95% CI [3.156; 8.585]). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol status, high energy intake was more than two times likely to predict MetS in adults with a large WC (OR: 2.766 95% CI [0.863; 3.477] and elevated FBG (OR: 2.227 95% CI [1.051; 3.328]). Therefore, identifying groups that are at an increased risk and those that are in their early stages of MetS will help improve and prevent the increase of the MetS in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults

et al. 2018

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“…The role of high dietary protein in the management of the MetS is still controversial, thus preventing the development of clear guidelines on high-protein diets and the type of proteins to be recommended. 30 Similarly, the benefits of high fruit and dairy intake on MetS is still debatable, 31 , 32 while regular exercise has been associated with reduction in the risk of MetS. 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents living in Mthatha, South Africa

Sekokotla¹,

Goswami²,

Sewani-Rusike³

et al. 2017

TCRM

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ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS), defined as the clustering of three of five risk factors (hypertension, obesity, triglyceridemia, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia), is being increasingly mentioned among children and adolescents despite there being no consensus on how it should be defined in this set of population. Furthermore, very few studies have focused on MetS in children and adolescents in sub-Saharan populations. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the prevalence of the MetS and contributing risk in adolescents living in Mthatha, South Africa.Research design and methodsFour hundred and ten adolescents (age range: 13–18 years, both sexes) were recruited into this cross-sectional study. In addition to a lifestyle questionnaire being administered, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumferences) were carried out for each participant. Fasting venous blood was collected for lipid profile and blood glucose assessments. Blood pressure was also measured. MetS was assessed using appropriate diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents.ResultsComplete data sets were collected from 371 participants. Females showed an elevation in the risk factors for MetS. Of the 371 participants, 40.2% were overweight/obese (47.5% females; 22.5% males). MetS was diagnosed in 3.1% female participants compared with 6.0% in male participants.ConclusionsMore risk factors for the MetS are seen among the overweight/obese as compared to lean adolescents. Given the fact that childhood overweight/obesity often continues into adulthood, it is important to address the causes of increased risk for MetS earlier in life to prevent the development of disease in adult life.

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“…On the one hand, HP diets possess many reported beneficial effects such as increasing weight loss and satiety and improving body composition, lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels [5][6][7]. They also appears to have anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects in the liver in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [40,50,[117][118][119]169]. On the other hand, consumption of HP diets results in enlarged kidneys, increased glomerular filtration rates, renal and glomerular hypertrophy, fibrosis and renal glomerulosclerosis in both the short-and long-term in normal kidneys [8][9][10][11][12]15,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linoleic acid derived oxylipins are elevated in kidney and liver and reduced in serum in rats given a high-protein diet

Islam

Ravandi

Aukema

2018

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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High protein (HP) diets are often used as a means to reduce obesity, but their long-term effects remain unclear. In vitro studies suggest the involvement of a subset of oxylipins in the tissue response to HP diets. To examine the role of these bioactive lipids in vivo, normal adult male Sprague Dawley rats were provided isocaloric diets with LP (low protein, 8% protein by weight), NP (normal protein, 14%) or HP (50%) diets for 2 weeks, and targeted lipidomic analysis of oxylipins in kidney (cortex and medulla), liver and serum was performed by HPLC-MS/MS. The main group of oxylipins affected by the HP diet was the oxylipins derived from linoleic acid (LA), many of which were elevated in kidney (particularly the medulla) and liver, but reduced in serum of rats provided the HP compared to NP or LP diets. A smaller proportion of other n-6 fatty acid derived oxylipins were lower in kidney and higher in liver, and none were affected in serum, by HP feeding. Few n-3 oxylipins were affected by protein level. In liver only, the oxylipin product to substrate ratios of the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme were higher in LP fed rats. Differences between cortex and medulla oxylipins suggest relatively higher cortex activity of 5- and 8-lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, and higher medulla cyclooxygenase and 12- and 15-lipoxygenase activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the physiological effects of the changes in these novel oxylipins in response to short-term dietary HP.

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Effects of high protein diets on metabolic syndrome parameters

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults

The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents living in Mthatha, South Africa

Linoleic acid derived oxylipins are elevated in kidney and liver and reduced in serum in rats given a high-protein diet

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