Effects of Hyaluronic Acid and Hydroxyapatite/Beta-tricalcium Phosphate in Combination on Bone Regeneration of a Critical-size Defect in an Experimental Model

Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (HyA) is an outstanding new product in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HyA on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study. In each rat, 4 critical-size defects received different treatments: no treatment (control); HyA; Graft; and HyA + Graft combination. New bone formation, defect closure, inflammation, vascular proliferation, immature bone formation, mature bone formation, and bone marrow existence were investigated based on histological findings. The healing parameters related to bone formation (new bone formation, defect closure, immature bone formation) were significantly higher in the HyA group compared with the control group. However, HyA alone was unable to induce sufficient bone regeneration compared with treatments involving graft materials (Graft and HyA + Graft). In the Graft and HyA + Graft groups, prominent enhancement of all healing parameters was noted. The present results demonstrate that HyA alone did not adequately enhance bone regeneration in critical-size defects. Moreover, addition of HyA to a biphasic alloplastic graft material did not result in improved regeneration compared with the graft material alone.

Demineralized bone matrix and calcium-phosphate cement in bone regeneration in rats

“…The demineralized allograft may be used as a matrix, especially since it is immunologically harmless, stimulates osteogenesis and is incorporated into the new bone formed 6 . Calcium phosphate cement has been used as a bone substitute for reconstruction of bone loss 8 . It bonds chemically to the bone, restoring the contour and increasing the biomechanical property; in A critical defect of 5 mm on both sides of the median suture was performed using a trephine, always taking care to avoid injuring the dura mater.…”

“…Recently, to minimize these problems, interest has been shown in the use of allogenic and alloplastic bone substitutes. The ideal graft should be osteoinductive to stimulate osteogenesis and osteoconductive to provide a scaffold for establishing optimal conditions for ingrowth of blood vessels and cells with osteogenic potential 5,6,8 . The demineralized allograft may be used as a matrix, especially since it is immunologically harmless, stimulates osteogenesis and is incorporated into the new bone formed 6 .…”

Additive Manufacturing and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Reconstruction in the Maxillofacial Region

“…Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan, HyA) -Figure 3, a linear anionic nonsulfated glycosaminiglycan composed by the repetition of a disaccharide unit of an N-acetyl-glucosamine and a β-glucuronic acid, with negative charge, viscoelastic properties and high hidratation ratio, plays an important role in the control of tissue hydration [73,74], stimulating bone wound healing.…”

Effects of alloplastic graft material combined with a topical ozone application on calvarial bone defects in rats

“…Different bone graft materials are currently available for regeneration of bone defects in oral and maxillofacial surgery, such as the closure of osteotomy openings and alveolar increment (53)(54)(55)(56)(57). Synthetic bone graft materials are available in intra-bone defects, orthognathic surgery, facial bone defects, and maxillary sinus ground (54,(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63).…”