Effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on decision-making under risk

Metz, Sophie; Waiblinger-Grigull, Tina; Schulreich, Stefan; Chae, Woo Ri; Otte, Christian; Heekeren, Hauke R.; Wingenfeld, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104589

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, sympathetic activity returned to baseline before post-phase donations and was unrelated to altruistic choice. To control for potential influences of other (co-varying) stress-related factors and to provide evidence that enhanced cortisol causally decreases neural value coding and altruism in high mentalizers, future studies could use pharmacological manipulations of cortisol (and noradrenergic) activity (Metz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity

et al. 2022

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“…Results on sample characteristics and on treatment check variables are presented elsewhere ( Chae et al, 2019 ; Metz et al, 2020 ). Briefly, there were no significant differences in demographics (apart from BMI) between treatment groups (see Supplementary Material Table S1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants signed a written consent form, and the local ethics committee approved the study. They received compensation of 60€ to 80€ depending on their payoff in a task presented elsewhere ( Metz et al, 2020 ). The study took place at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dot-probe task was part of a more extensive study ( Chae et al, 2019 ; Metz et al, 2020 ). Task order was always the same; the dot-probe task was the second task and took ∼12 min to complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of saliva samples, blood pressure, heart rate and sample characteristics are described elsewhere ( Chae et al, 2019 ; Metz et al, 2020 ). However, we calculated Baseline to Peak (BtP) (maximum value of measurement point 3 to 5 minus mean of measurement point 1 and 2) of cortisol, sAA activity, blood pressure and heart rate (see Supplementary Material Table S1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on selective attention to emotional cues

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Facial expressions contain important affective information, and selective attention to facial expression provides an advantage in the face of loss, stress and danger. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate the organism’s response to loss and danger. Here, we aimed at investigating the influence of sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation on selective attention to affective facial stimuli. Methods and materials: One hundred-and-four healthy men between 18–35 years old (mean (standard deviation) age: 24.1 (3.5) years) participated in the study. We used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants received either: (a) yohimbine, (b) hydrocortisone, (c) yohimbine and hydrocortisone or (d) placebo only and participated in a dot-probe task with sad, happy and neutral faces. We collected salivary samples to measure cortisol and alpha amylase activity in addition to measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. Salivary cortisol served as correlate of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and salivary alpha amylase activity, blood pressure and heart rate as correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation. Measurements were carried out before and after drug administration. Results: We did not find a main effect or interaction effect of hydrocortisone or yohimbine administration on selective attention to happy faces. However, we found an interaction of yohimbine and hydrocortisone on selective attention to sad faces. Post-hoc t-test revealed an attentional bias away from sad stimuli and towards neutral faces in the hydrocortisone-only group. Discussion: Only hydrocortisone administration led to an attentional bias away from sad faces. Future studies should investigate these effects in major depression disorder, as this disorder is characterised by glucocorticoid resistance and increased processing of sad stimuli.

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The effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on human behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts

Fricke,

Alexander,

Jacobsen

et al. 2023

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale Balancing approach of positive and avoidance of negative stimuli is essential when faced with approach-avoidance conflicts, e.g., situations with both positive and negative outcomes. This balance is disturbed in several mental disorders, e.g., excessive avoidance in anxiety disorders, and heightened approach in substance use disorders. Since stress is assumed to impact these disorders’ etiology and maintenance, it seems crucial to understand how stress influences behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts. Indeed, some studies suggested altered approach-avoidance behavior under acute stress, but the mechanism underlying these effects is unknown. Objectives Investigate how the pharmacological manipulation of major stress mediators (cortisol and noradrenaline) influences task-based approach-avoidance conflict behavior in healthy individuals. Methods Ninety-six participants (48 women, 48 men) received either 20mg hydrocortisone, 20mg yohimbine, both, or placebo before performing a task targeting foraging under predation in a fully crossed double-blind between-subject design. Moreover, we investigated effects of gender and endogenous testosterone and estradiol levels on approach-avoidance behavior. Results While biological stress markers (cortisol concentration, alpha amylase activity) indicated successful pharmacological manipulation, behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts was not affected as expected. Although yohimbine administration affected risky foraging latency under predation, we found no main effect of hydrocortisone or their interaction on behavior. In contrast, we found gender differences for almost all behavioral outcome measures, which might be explained by differences in endogenous testosterone levels. Conclusions The investigated major stress mediators were not sufficient to imitate previously shown stress effects on approach-avoidance conflict behavior. We discuss potential reasons for our findings and implications for future research.

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Effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on decision-making under risk

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity

Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity

Effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on selective attention to emotional cues

The effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on human behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts

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