Effects of hydrogen sulfide on the feeding activity of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Inter- and intraspecific variation in anoxic survival among three bivalve species in intertidal and subtidal areas along the coast of Japan

“…These results are consistent with previous studies that examined survival and hypoxia and anoxia tolerance of Manila clams and ark shells, using a similar approach (Nakamura et al 1997, Nagasoe et al 2011, Miyamoto & Iwanaga 2012, Suzuki et al 2012). For example, Manila clams (<25°C) and ark shells (28°C) survived up to 4-5 days (Nakamura et al 1997, Nagasoe et al 2011, Suzuki et al 2012) and 7 days (Miyamoto & Iwanaga 2012, respectively, under anoxic conditions. Similarly, in our experiments (summer temperature of 28°C), Manila clams and ark shells survived for a maximum of 3.7 and 6.7 days, respectively, under anoxia (without the addition of antibiotic) (Fig.…”

“…Therefore, only adult Manila clams were used, collected from intertidal areas at Banzu tidal flat in Tokyo Bay (35°24′N, 139°54′E) (Wakita et al 2014, Tomiyama et al 2016). Although we could not compare interspecific variation of anoxia tolerance in Manila clams, previous studies indicated no differences in anoxia tolerance among regions (Sobral & Widdows 1997, Vaquer-Sunyer & Duarte 2010, Nagasoe et al 2011, Suzuki et al 2012.…”

“…To examine interspecific variation, we focused on the ark shell that commonly dominates the soft-bottom habitat of highly eutrophic, hypoxic regions. Furthermore, the persistence of anoxia progress in this manipulative experiment presumably creates sulfide (H 2 S and HS − ) increasing associated with hypoxia (e.g., Vistisen & Vismann 1997, Yokoyama 2002, Nagasoe et al 2011, Miyamoto & Iwanaga 2016. This sulfide accumulation under anoxia (dissimilative sulfate reduction) is typically shown in field observations at organic enriched sediment (Sobral & Widdows 1997, Stickle et al 1989, de Zwaan et al 1991, 2001a, 2001b, Conley et al 2009).…”

“…Anoxic exposure laboratory experiments were conducted according to previous studies, Stickle et al (1989), de Zwaan et al (1995, 2001a, 2002, Babarro & de Zwaan (2008), Nagasoe et al (2011), and Miyamoto & Iwanaga (2012. Filtered seawater was made anoxic in a 20 L reservoir by bubbling with nitrogen gas for 2 h. The salinity and pH of the anoxic seawater was approximately 33 and 8.3, respectively.…”

“…The persistence of anoxic conditions in the experiment bottles presumably created sulfide (H 2 S and HS − ) (e.g., Vistisen & Vismann 1997, Yokoyama 2002, Nagasoe et al 2011, Miyamoto & Iwanaga 2016. In this study, we define sulfurization as progress of sulfide accumulation in seawater under anoxic conditions (dissimilative sulfate reduc- Fig.…”