Effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic bile salts on gallstone growth and dissolution in model biles

Estimation of Cholesterol Solubilization by a Mixed Micelle Binding Model in Aqueous Tauroursodeoxycholate:Lecithin:Cholesterol Solutions

“…For the 80:32 mM TUDC:L system, the average Ch to L molar ratio for the dominant mixed TUDC:L micelles at A T = 1 can be estimated to be ∼0.5, compared to the total Ch to L molar ratio of ∼0.53 at A T = 1 in 80:32 mM TUDC:L solution. This result is consistent with a recent report38 that Ch to L molar ratio of mixed TUDC:L micelles in the central three‐phase zone is ∼0.5 and that of vesicles in the right two‐phase zone for TUDC:L system is also ∼0.5. Although more vesicles might form from mixed micelles at higher Ch concentrations in TUDC:L system, the mixed micelle binding model could be used for estimation of Ch concentration due to the same Ch to L molar ratio (∼0.5).…”

Cholesterol Crystals Enhance and Phospholipids Protect Against Pancreatitis Induced by Hydrophobic Bile Salts

“…20,21 Lipid mixtures containing variable proportions of cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine (both from stock solutions in chloroform), and bile salts (from stock solutions in methanol) were vortex-mixed and dried at 45-C under a mild stream of nitrogen and subsequently lyophilized during 24 hours, before being dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; [PO 4 j3 ] = 10 mM, pH 7.4). Tubes were sealed with Teflon-lined screw caps under a blanket of nitrogen to prevent lipid oxidation and vortex-mixed for 5 minutes followed by incubation at 37-C in the dark.…”

Polymorphisms in UGT1A1 Gene Predispose South Indians to Pigmentous Gallstones

“…If gallstones are present in the supersaturated bile, competition may occur between the gall stone surface, growth and surrounding bile for available cholesterol molecules. 15 Various genetic association studies from India associated polymorphisms in genes namely MspA1 in Cytochrome-17 gene, 16 T190C in adrenergic receptor gene (ADRb3) and C-1291G in ADRA2A gene, 17 rs2234693 in ESR1, rs4994 in ADRB3 and rs11887534 in ABCG8, 11,18,19 Exon4 C>A polymorphism in SLCO1B1, 20 À75 G/A in APOA1 gene, 21 Intron 5 insertion/deletion polymorphism of RAP gene (LRPAP1). 22 Further, UGT1A1 but not HMOX1 gene promoter polymorphisms that confer increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia and gallstones in patients with hereditary spherocytosis.…”