Effects of HZE particle on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in a future mars mission

Koike, Yu; Frey, Mary; Sahiar, Farhad; Dodge, Robin E.; Mohler, Stanley R.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.068

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, dopamine acts at D1 receptors to narrow spatial tuning, while sculpting network inputs to decrease noise (i.e., stabilization of the representation of stimuli relevant for problem solving). Low-LET radiation is known to decrease catecholamine release (20)(21)(22), which makes it possible that the HZE-induced impairments in attentional set shifting are partially due to impairments to these systems. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles

Lónárt¹,

Parris²,

Johnson

et al. 2012

Radiation Research

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Exposure to galactic cosmic radiation is a potential health risk in long-term space travel and represents a significant risk to the central nervous system. The most harmful component of galactic cosmic radiation is the HZE [high mass, highly charged (Z), high energy] particles, e.g., (56)Fe particle. In previous ground-based experiments, exposure to doses of HZE-particle radiation that an astronaut will receive on a deep space mission (i.e., ∼20 cGy) resulted in pronounced deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in rodents. Neurocognitive tasks that are dependent upon other regions of the brain, such as the striatum, are also impaired after exposure to low HZE-particle doses. These data raise the possibility that neurocognitive tasks regulated by the prefrontal cortex could also be impaired after exposure to mission relevant HZE-particle doses, which may prevent astronauts from performing complex executive functions. To assess the effects of mission relevant (20 cGy) doses of 1 GeV/u (56)Fe particles on executive function, male Wistar rats received either sham treatment or were irradiated and tested 3 months later for their ability to perform attentional set shifting. Compared to the controls, rats that received 20 cGy of 1 GeV/u (56)Fe particles showed significant impairments in their ability to complete the attentional set-shifting test, with only 17% of irradiated rats completing all stages as opposed to 78% of the control rats. The majority of failures (60%) occurred at the first reversal stage, and half of the remaining animals failed at the extra-dimensional shift phase of the studies. The irradiated rats that managed to complete the tasks did so with approximately the same ease as did the control rats. These observations suggest that exposure to mission relevant doses of 1 GeV/u (56)Fe particles results in the loss of functionality in several regions of the cortex: medical prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulated cortex, posterior cingulated cortex and the basal forebrain. Our observation that 20 cGy of 1 GeV/u (56)Fe particles is sufficient to impair the ability of rats to conduct attentional set-shifting raises the possibility that astronauts on prolonged deep space exploratory missions could subsequently develop deficits in executive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles

Lónárt¹,

Parris²,

Johnson

et al. 2012

Radiation Research

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“…Disease can then develop as a direct result of radiation damage or due to a system impairment caused by radiation damage such as the case of radiation-induced damage of chromosomes in lymphocytes compromising the immune system's ability to prevent tumor development [7]. Overall, the greatest risks from radiation exposure are assumed to be cancer [8], cataracts, and damage to the central nervous system [9]. Thus the nature of the problem seems similar to nuclear systems in that systematic manifestations result from a chain of events initiated by ionization and propagated, in this case, by ensuing chemical reactions and biological responses.…”

Section: Parallels Between Radiation Chemistry Of Water and Radiobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the normal production and development of a variety of disorders and diseases has also been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and inflammation similar to that which would be caused by exposure to radiation. For example, certain detrimental effects from space radiation on the dopaminergic system are similar to functional changes that occur from Parkinson's disease [9], diabetogenic problems associated with increased C-peptide excretion and insulin resistance [12], as well as constipation due to malfunction of the intestine. Oxidative stress during space flight can cause a loss of protein after reductive remodeling of skeletal muscle due to undernutrition [13].…”

Section: Parallels Between Radiation Chemistry Of Water and Radiobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A hypothesis on biological protection from space radiation through the use of new therapeutic gases as medical counter measures

et al. 2012

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Radiation exposure to astronauts could be a significant obstacle for long duration manned space exploration because of current uncertainties regarding the extent of biological effects. Furthermore, concepts for protective shielding also pose a technically challenging issue due to the nature of cosmic radiation and current mass and power constraints with modern exploration technology. The concern regarding exposure to cosmic radiation is biological damage that is associated with increased oxidative stress. It is therefore important and would be enabling to mitigate and/or prevent oxidative stress prior to the development of clinical symptoms and disease. This paper hypothesizes a "systems biology" approach in which a combination of chemical and biological mitigation techniques are used conjunctively. It proposes using new, therapeutic, medical gases as chemical radioprotectors for radical scavenging and as biological signaling molecules for management of the body's response to exposure. From reviewing radiochemistry of water, biological effects of CO, H2, NO, and H2S gas, and mechanisms of radiation biology, it can be concluded that this approach may have therapeutic potential for radiation exposure. Furthermore, it also appears to have similar potential for curtailing the pathogenesis of other diseases in which oxidative stress has been implicated including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic inflammatory disease, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and aging. We envision applying these therapies through inhalation of gas mixtures or ingestion of water with dissolved gases.

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“…Oxidative injury causes direct DNA damage or lipid peroxidation, which have been implicated in the etiology of a wide variety of chronic disease and acute pathologic states. The greatest risks from radiation are generally assumed to be cancer, cataract, [2] and possibly damage to central nerve system [8]. It has been believed that oxidative stress significantly contributes to their pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introduction Radiation-induced Oxidative Stress In Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight

et al. 2011

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Cosmic radiation is known to induce DNA and lipid damage associated with increased oxidative stress and remains a major concern in space travel. Hydrogen, recently discovered as a novel therapeutic medical gas in a variety of biomedical fields, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It is expected that space mission activities will increase in coming years both in numbers and duration. It is therefore important to estimate and prevent the risks encountered by astronauts due to oxidative stress prior to developing clinical symptoms of disease. We hypothesize that hydrogen administration to the astronauts by either inhalation or drinking hydrogen-rich water may potentially yield a novel and feasible preventative/therapeutic strategy to prevent radiation-induced adverse events.

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Effects of HZE particle on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in a future mars mission

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles

A hypothesis on biological protection from space radiation through the use of new therapeutic gases as medical counter measures

Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight

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Effects of HZE particle on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in a future mars mission

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u56Fe Particles

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u56Fe Particles

A hypothesis on biological protection from space radiation through the use of new therapeutic gases as medical counter measures

Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles

Executive Function in Rats is Impaired by Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe Particles