EFFECTS OF <i>AD LIBITUM</i> VERSUS RESTRICTED INTAKE OF CONCENTRATE AND STAGE OF LACTATION ON THE MINERAL CONTENT OF COW’S MILK

Fisher, L. J.; Macintosh, Agnes I; Carson, R. B.

doi:10.4141/cjas70-015

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is illustrated by the variation in concentration of Ca and Mg, which were <7% (assessed as the deviation from unity in the ratio between the highest and the lowest concentration), or that of Na and P, which were <4%. A similar stability of Ca and P content in milk has been reported in cattle, even when the effect compared included feed restriction (Fisher et al, 1970). There is evidence that milk has evolved to carry as much Ca and P as possible (Holt, 1997); thus, Ca content of milk might be near maximum, and its concentration might be important in maintaining consistent transfer of Ca to calf.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Sodium had a remarkably constant concentration in the current study, but other studies on cattle have reported 93% variation across weeks of lactation (Fisher et al, 1970). In comparisons between species, concentration of both Na and K is inversely correlated with lactose to maintain osmolality (Peaker, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…Similarly, both were the only minerals affected by lactose and protein, which can also exert osmotic pressure (Ahlqvist, 2004). However, K decreased markedly at the end of lactation, as has been observed in cattle (Fisher et al, 1970). The reason for this is not apparent, as lactose concentration is remarkably constant in deer milk even under feed restriction (Landete-Castillejos et al, 2000b;2003a; Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Seasonal and Lactational Changes in Mineral Composition of Milk from Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

Gallego

Landete‐Castillejos

García

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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Milk minerals are important for calf growth, and they have other roles as well, such as immune regulation. This 2-yr study examined content of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn in milk of 54 Iberian red deer hinds through 18 wk of lactation. Mean mineral composition of fresh milk was ash = 1.168 +/- 0.007%, Ca = 2,330 +/- 20 mg/kg, P = 640 +/- 10 mg/kg, K = 1,100 +/- 10 mg/kg, Na = 385 +/- 3 mg/kg, Mg = 138 +/- 1 mg/kg, Zn = 12.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, and Fe = 0.65 +/- 0.03 mg/kg. All minerals except Mg varied by week of lactation, but variation was usually <10% except for Fe (83% variation) and Zn (30% variation); both of those minerals increased as lactation proceeded. Increased concentrations of Fe and Zn in later lactation compensated for the reduction in milk production in mid and late lactation such that daily production was less variable for Fe (55% variation) or Zn (79% variation) than for other minerals (118 to 135% variation). Potassium content of milk decreased across time, but that effect occurred primarily during the last few weeks of lactation. Calving later vs. early in the calving season had variable effects on concentrations of different minerals: P, Mg, and K concentrations were not affected; Ca, Mg, and Na were all lower in milk from later calving hinds; and both Fe and Zn had higher concentrations in milk from hinds that calved later in the season. Lactating hinds seem to maintain a more stable daily yield of the microminerals Fe and Zn in milk compared with more variable concentrations of macrominerals as lactation progresses. Because of the essential role of Fe and Zn in immune function, a more stable supply of those minerals might be important to the health of growing red deer calves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Seasonal and Lactational Changes in Mineral Composition of Milk from Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

Gallego

Landete‐Castillejos

García

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Fisher et al (1970) conducted a study in which Ayrshires and Holsteins were treated identically. The magnesium and calcium content of the milk from Ayrshires was higher than that from Holsteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm

Pilarczyk

Wójcik

Czerniak

et al. 2013

Environ Monit Assess

134

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Concentrations of toxic heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) and major nutritional and trace elements (Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) were analyzed in the milk of Simmental (n = 20) and Holstein-Friesian (n = 20) cows from an organic farm. Elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission atomic spectrometry. The conducted research showed that the milk of Simmental cows was characterized by the more advantageous mineral composition and lower concentration of noxious heavy metals compared to the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk of Simmental cows, significantly lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (P < 0.001) and Cu (P < 0.05) and significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Mg (P < 0.05) as well as nonsignificantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Se were found. In the milk of both breeds, very low Cu concentrations were recorded. The higher-than-recommended concentration of Pb in milk was also found. In the milk of both breeds, the significant positive correlations between concentrations of the following elements were observed: Pb–Cd, Pb–Se, Cd–Se, Cd–Mn, Zn–Cu, Zn–P, Ca–P, Ca–Mg, and Mg–P. The correlations between other elements within each of the analyzed breeds separately were also found.

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“…There was a decrease (P < 0.05) in the K conrent of the milk when the hish (Table 3) were within the range observed by Paquay et al (1968Paquay et al ( , 1969). There appears to be little information on factors that influence the mineral content of cow milk although Fisher et al (1970) Blood hematocrit and plasma glucose levels were not influenced by level of K in the diet; however, there was a drop (P < 0.05) in plasma urea nitrogen when the high K TMR was fed compared with the other two diets (Table 4). …”

Section: Canadian Journal Of Animal Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of level of dietary potassium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and magnesium by lactating cows

Fisher¹,

Dinn²,

Tait³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1994. Effect of level of dietary potassium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and magnesium by lactating cows. Can. J. Anim. . This study was undertaken lith the objective of providing more-basic information on ihe absorption and excretion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (]\!e) bV lactating co*, *h.n high levels 5f potassium (K) are fed. Employingpotassium carbonate as the source of supplemental K total mixed rations were f6rmulated to contain i.O [ow), 3.t lm6dirim;1ia q.en ftigh) K. The three rations were fed to 15 For personal use only.

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EFFECTS OF AD LIBITUM VERSUS RESTRICTED INTAKE OF CONCENTRATE AND STAGE OF LACTATION ON THE MINERAL CONTENT OF COW’S MILK

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Seasonal and Lactational Changes in Mineral Composition of Milk from Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

Seasonal and Lactational Changes in Mineral Composition of Milk from Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm

Effect of level of dietary potassium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and magnesium by lactating cows

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