“…Degenerative alterations in the conidial heads and hyphal morphology, such as severely distorted conidial heads, decreased hyphal diameters, shriveled hyphal aggregates, and swelling of hyphal wall, were commonly observed. The results obtained were similar with those from some previous work in which the microstructure of A. niger treated with essential oils was studied (de Billerbeck, Roques, Bessiere, Fonvieille, & Dargent, 2001;Helal, Sarhan, Abu Shahla, & Abou El-Khair, 2006;Rasooli, Rezaei, & Allameh, 2006;Sharma & Tripathi, 2006Tolouee et al, 2010). The induced changes may be related to the interference of oil components with the enzymatic reactions in wall synthesis.…”