Effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of the freshwater air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Abstract

The effects of Euphorbia tirucalli latex on blood calcium and phosphate of Heteropneustes fossilis was investigated in this study. The fish were subjected to 0.8 of 96-h LC 50 value of E. tirucalli latex (1.05 mL L À1 ) for 96-h in a shortterm experiment and 0.2 of 96-h LC 50 value (0.263 mL L À1 ) for 28 days in a longterm experiment. Fish were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in the short-term experiment and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in the long-term experiment and blood samples were analyzed for calcium and inorganic phosphate. Acute exposure of E. tirucalli latex caused a progressive decrease in the calcium level after 48 h which persists till the close of the experiment. Phosphate levels remain unaffected till 48 h but after 72 h the levels exhibit a progressive decrease. Chronic E. tirucalli latex treatment provokes a decrease in calcium levels at day 7 continuing till the end of the experiment (28 days). The phosphate levels remain unaffected up to day 7, thereafter, levels decrease from 14 days till the end of the experiment.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizome Extract and Selenium Protect Effects of Nerium indicum Leaf Extract on Serum Calcium and Phosphate of Male Wistar Rats

“…Srivastav et al (2018 reported hypophosphatemia in frog after treatment with chlorpyrifos. Toxicant induced hypophosphatemia has also been reported in fish after exposure to microcystin LR (Prakash et al, 2015), lead (Srivastav et al, 2013, Euphorbia royleana (Prasad et al, 2011 b), Euphorbia tirucalli (Kumar et al, 2011b), azadirachtin (Kumar et al 2011 a), cadmium (Rai and Srivastav, 2003), cypermethrin (Mishra et al, 2001), chlorpyrifos (Srivastav et al, 1997 and deltamethrin (Srivastav et al, 1997 b). Hyperphosphatemia has been reported in heroin administered rats (Barai et al, 2009) and Nerium oleander treated rabbit (Al-Farwachi et al, 2008).…”

Ameliorative Effects of Jamun Seed and Orange Peel Extracts on Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels of Cadmium Challenged Male Wistar Rats

“…After treatment with chlorpyrifos hypophosphatemia was recorded in frog (Srivastav et al, 2018). Hypophosphatemia was noticed in fish after exposure to chlorpyrifos a), deltamethrin (Srivastav et al, 1997, cypermethrin (Mishra et al, 2001), cadmium (Rai and Srivastav, 2003), Nerium indicum leaf extract (Prasad et al, 2011a), Euphorbia royleana (Prasad et al, 2011 b), azadirachtin , Euphorbia tirucalli (Kumar et al, 2011b), lead (Srivastav et al, 2013 and microcystin LR (Prakash et al,2015(Prakash et al, , 2016. In contrast, no alteration was noticed in blood phosphate of rats treated with heptachlor (Rangoonwala et al, 2004), diazinon (Rangoonwala et al, 2005) and mipcin (Rangoonwala et al, 2007).…”

Ameliorative Effects of Amla Fruit Pulp Extract and Selenium on Dimethoate Induced Alteration in Serum Calcium and Phosphate Level of Rats

“…In frog hypophosphatemia was recorded after treatment with chlorpyrifos (Srivastav et al, 2018). In fish hypophosphatemia was noticed by exposure to chlorpyrifos a), deltamethrin (Srivastav et al, 1997, cypermethrin (Mishra et al, 2001), cadmium (Rai and Srivastav, 2003), azadirachtin , Nerium indicum leaf extract (Prasad et al, 2011a), Euphorbia royleana (Prasad et al, 2011 b) and Euphorbia tirucalli (Kumar et al, 2011b), lead (Srivastav et al, 2013 and microcystin LR (Prakash et al, 2015(Prakash et al, , 2016.…”