Effects of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. root extract on AGS human gastric cancer cell-line

Abstract

One of the cancer-related deaths is gastric cancer in this area. Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. roots have been used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory for wound healing treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxic and anticancer effects of O. dichroanthum Boiss. roots from the Golestan province of Iran. After identification of the taxonomical effect of O. dichroanthum Boiss., different concentrations of the hydroalcoholic root extract were used. Three different time periods (24, 48, and 72 h) were used to treat AGS gastric cancer and L-929 normal fibroblasts cell lines. The evaluation of different concentrations of root extract was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The 48 h treatment affected cell survival, while the concentration of 64 μg/mL was determined as IC50 concentrations at 48 h incubation time. The 48 h incubation time with 64 μg/mL showed the best effectiveness on cancerous cell-line while being safe for normal cell-line. Our results show that O. dichroanthum Boiss. roots extract may have cytotoxic and safe effects on gastric cancer cell-line and normal cells in 48 h treatment periods, respectively. The results indicated the O. dichroanthum Boiss. may be as an effective anticancer agent (gastric cancer).

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Onosma (Boraginaceae): An Updated Review

“…The genus Onosma, known to be widespread worldwide, has a history of medicinal uses against different diseases in the folk medicine system of several civilizations. In this review, the authors rediscover the genus Onosma by detailing the important isolated and identified chemical compounds and extracts, including naphthoquinone (33), flavonoids (30), hydrocarbon (23), phenolic (22), ester (17), alkaloids (20), terpenoids (10), carboxylic acid (11), fatty acids (9), aromatics (12), and liganin (5). The Onosma phytoconstituents that are considered as potential leads amenable for drug development were reported as rosmarinic acid, apigenin, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid.…”

“…The current systematic review of the phytochemical contents of Onosma species presents major identified organic classes such as naphthoquinone (33), flavonoids (30), hydrocarbon (23), phenolic (22), ester (17), alkaloids (20), terpenoids (10), carboxylic acid (11), fatty acids (9), aromatics (12), and liganin (5) compounds as shown in Figure 4. In addition, miscellaneous chemicals such as 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, 5-hydroxymethyl-furoic acid, and uplandicine also enrich the diversity of the phytochemistry in Onosma plants.…”

“…Furthermore, the hydrochloric root extracts of O. dichroanthum Boiss. roots have shown significant anticancer actions against gastric cancer cells [11]. Moreover, O. paniculata has shown notable cytotoxicity activity against a number of cancer lines and linked their action with its ability to accelerate apoptosis [60].…”

“…Some Onosma species have been well studied pharmacologically than others, and the most common ones are shown in Figure 1. The ethnobotanical and in vitro studies have revealed that most of this Onosma species has many medicinal capabilities such as sedatives [9], antioxidant [10], antiinflammatory [11], gastric disorders [11], antithrombotic [12], wound healing [13], Alzheimer [14], enzyme inhibitory [15], anti-tumor [16], anti-viral [17], antifungal [18], and COVID-19 curatives [19] (Figure 2).…”

“…Therefore, in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and to comprehensively understand the medicinal applications of this genus, this article systematically reviewed traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications of the Onosma species based on the published literature. The ethnobotanical and in vitro studies have revealed that most of this Onosma species has many medicinal capabilities such as sedatives [9], antioxidant [10], anti-inflammatory [11], gastric disorders [11], antithrombotic [12], wound healing [13], Alzheimer [14], enzyme inhibitory [15], anti-tumor [16], anti-viral [17], antifungal [18], and COVID-19 curatives [19] (Figure 2).…”