Effects ofRosmarinus officinalisextract on human primary omental preadipocytes and adipocytes

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is increasing all over the world. Although it has been shown that natural substances influence fat metabolism, little is known about the effect on cellular and molecular mechanisms in human. In this in vitro study, the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) standardized extract in modulating human primary visceral preadipocytes differentiation, lipolysis, and apoptosis was investigated. Moreover, gene expression of key adipogenesis modulators and microRNAs-seq were evaluated. Preadipocytes treated with RO extract significantly reduced triglyceride incorporation during maturation in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. In addition, RO extract stimulated lipolytic activity in differentiating preadipocytes and mature adipocytes in treated cells compared to controls. Differentiating preadipocytes incubated in the presence of RO extract showed a decreased expression of cell cycle genes such as cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) and an increased expression of GATA binding protein 3, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A mRNA levels. Recent studies have demonstrated that some phytochemicals alter the expression of specific genes and microRNAs that play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. Interestingly, genes modulated in RO-treated cells were found to be validated miRNAs targets, such as let-7f-1, miR-17, and miR-143. The results indicated that RO extract modulates human adipocyte differentiation and significantly interferes with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, supporting its interest as dietary supplement.

Potential miRNA involvement in the anti-adipogenic effect of resveratrol and its metabolites

“…By contrast, it seems that nonivamide, a capsaicin analogue, increases the expression of the miRNA mmu-let-7d-5p, which has been associated with decreased pparγ levels [ 61 ]. Other plant or fruit extracts have been also identified as adipogenic regulators via miRNAs [ 62 , 63 ].…”

A Shortened Treatment With Rosemary Tea (Rosmarinus Officinalis) Instead of Powder Decreases Insulin Resistance and Serum Glucose in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2d)

“…29 Stefanon et al reported that rosemary extract modulates the differentiation of human adipocytes and significantly interferes with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. 30 The hypolipidemic potential of rosemary leaves has been demonstrated by lowering blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL lipoprotein, and increasing HDL lipoprotein in vivo. 31,32 Similarly, rosemary phenolic compounds have been reported to reduce blood cholesterol concentrations in rats with hypercholesterolemia 33 and the administration of rosemary extract enriched with carnosic acid improved the lipid profile in Zucker rats.…”

Original Research: Hydroxytyrosol, an ingredient of olive oil, reduces triglyceride accumulation and promotes lipolysis in human primary visceral adipocytes during differentiation

“…Apoptosis determination in P10, P20, A7 HT-treated cells (30 mg/mL), and CTRL cells was performed using ApoStrand TM ELISA apoptosis detection kit (Enzo Life Sciences Inc., NY, USA) according to provider's instructions. 7 The apoptotic positive control (single stranded DNA in PBS) was also included in the analysis. Data are expressed as the percentage of cells, comparing the optical density of the treated/CTRL cells with the optical density of the positive CTRL.…”

“…Detection of the lipolytic activity in HT-treated P20 and A7 cells was performed using AdipoLyze TM Lipolysis Detection Kit (Lonza Walkersville Inc., MD, USA), based on the quantification of the glycerol release by cells undergoing lipolysis. 7 Accumulated glycerol in each sample was determined by comparison with a glycerol standard curve.…”

“…5 Recently, studies are focused more on functional compounds of plant origin that promote suppression of differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes or enhance lipolysis of already mature adipocytes. For example, carnosic acid from rosmarin 6,7 and rosavines from Rhodiola rosea 8 inhibit triglyceride accumulation and stimulate lipolytic activity in differentiating preadipocytes through a modulation of genes involved in adipogenesis. There is enough scientific evidence that HT is beneficial in treating hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome.…”