Effects ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeorboulardiiyeasts on acute stress induced intestinal dysmotility

Abstract

AIMTo investigate the capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) yeasts to reverse or to treat acute stress-related intestinal dysmotility.METHODSAdult Swiss Webster mice were stressed for 1 h in a wire-mesh restraint to induce symptoms of intestinal dysmotility and were subsequently killed by cervical dislocation. Jejunal and colon tissue were excised and placed within a tissue perfusion bath in which S. cerevisiae, S. boulardii, or their supernatants were administered into the lumen. Video recordings of contractility and gut diameter changes were converted to spatiotemporal maps and the velocity, frequency, and amplitude of propagating contractile clusters (PCC) were measured. Motility pre- and post-treatment was compared between stressed animals and unstressed controls.RESULTSS. boulardii and S. cerevisiae helped to mediate the effects of stress on the small and large intestine. Restraint stress reduced jejunal transit velocity (mm/s) from 2.635 ± 0.316 to 1.644 ± 0.238, P < 0.001 and jejunal transit frequency (Hz) from 0.032 ± 0.008 to 0.016 ± 0.005, P < 0.001. Restraint stress increased colonic transit velocity (mm/s) from 0.864 ± 0.183 to 1.432 ± 0.329, P < 0.001 and frequency to a lesser degree. Luminal application of S. boulardii helped to restore jejunal and colonic velocity towards the unstressed controls; 1.833 ± 0.688 to 2.627 ± 0.664, P < 0.001 and 1.516 ± 0.263 to 1.036 ± 0.21, P < 0.001, respectively. S. cerevisiae also had therapeutic effects on the stressed gut, but was most apparent in the jejunum. S. cerevisiae increased PCC velocity in the stressed jejunum from 1.763 ± 0.397 to 2.017 ± 0.48, P = 0.0031 and PCC frequency from 0.016 ± 0.009 to 0.027 ± 0.007, P < 0.001. S. cerevisiae decreased colon PCC velocity from 1.647 ± 0.187 to 1.038 ± 0.222, P < 0.001. Addition of S. boulardii or S. cerevisiae supernatants also helped to restore motility to unstressed values in similar capacity.CONCLUSIONThere is a potential therapeutic role for S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii yeasts and their supernatants in the treatment of acute stress-related gut dysmotility.

Microvesicles from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM-17938) completely reproduce modulation of gut motility by bacteria in mice

“…Conditioned media from L. plantarum inhibited NF-κB binding activity and proteasome function [25]. We have recently shown that culture supernatants from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and boulardii yeasts reverse acute stress-induced dysmotility in the gut and reproduce the effects seen with the yeasts themselves [26]. Although the presence of μV in these studies was not tested, these results support the suggestion that bioactive molecules or components produced or secreted by yeasts and bacteria are capable of therapeutic effects independent of the parents.…”

Effect of Supplementation with Saccharomyces Boulardii on Academic Examination Performance and Related Stress in Healthy Medical Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…Fourthly, West and al. [64] stressed mice before euthanizing them and perfusing their intestine tissues ex vivo with Saccharomyces boulardii suspension. The authors observed that the probiotic application normalized acute stress-related gut dysmotility and attributed the effect to the local action of yeast on the intestine tissue.…”

Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics

“…There is also evidence of the beneficial effects of supernatants derived from yeast cultures. In particular, supernatants from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii reversed the state of disturbed intestinal peristalsis caused by stress stimuli [14]. S. boulardii supernatants also show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity [9], similar to bacterial cell supernatants, and can accelerate wound healing and regeneration of the intestinal barrier [15].…”