Effects of increase in fish oil intake on intestinal eicosanoids and inflammation in a mouse model of colitis

Bosco, Nabil; Brahmbhatt, Viral; Oliveira, Armando M.; Martin, François‐Pierre J.; Lichti, Pia; Raymond, Frédéric; Mansourian, Robert; Métairon, Sylviane; Pace-Asciak, Cecil R.; Schmid, Viktoria Bastic; Rezzi, Serge; Haller, Dirk; Benyacoub, Jalil

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-12-81

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, the minor components including tocopherol, Triterpene alcohols, plant sterol and phenolic compounds in OO, which were also efficient in promoting anti-inflammatory effects [40][41][42]. However, the antiinflammatory efficacy of n-3 PUFA from FO is controversial at present, on the one hand, those who supported that n-3 PUFA is an anti-inflammatory compound considered that the anti-inflammatory properties of DHA and EPA are attributed not only to eicosanoid inhibition but also to the formation of resolvins and protectins, which have been demonstrated to exert pro-resolving effects [43][44][45]. Additionally, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) respectively exert anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, and n-3 PUFA such as EPA and DHA are efficiency in facilitating PPAR-γ activation and inhibiting NF-κB activation [46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Shen

Wan

Zhu

et al. 2015

Lipids

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This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON-fed and FO-fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre-weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T-ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL-1β and TNF-α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Shen

Wan

Zhu

et al. 2015

Lipids

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“…Reports are mixed regarding the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in delaying or reducing the severity of colitis (30,31). Some reports actually show exacerbation of disease activity in rodents and humans with chronic docosahexaenoic acid treatment (32)(33)(34). Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for the medical treatment of UC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) Protect against Colitis by Regulating Gut Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Lee

Moraes‐Vieira

Castoldi

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

126

124

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We recently discovered a structurally novel class of endogenous lipids, branched palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), with beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. We tested whether PAHSAs protect against colitis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease driven predominantly by defects in the innate mucosal barrier and adaptive immune system. There is an unmet clinical need for safe and well tolerated oral therapeutics with direct anti-inflammatory effects. Wild-type mice were pretreated orally with vehicle or 5-PAHSA (10 mg/kg) and 9-PAHSA (5 mg/kg) once daily for 3 days, followed by 10 days of either 0% or 2% dextran sulfate sodium water with continued vehicle or PAHSA treatment. The colon was collected for histopathology, gene expression, and flow cytometry. Intestinal crypt fractions were prepared for ex vivo bactericidal assays. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pretreated with vehicle or PAHSA and splenic CD4 ؉ T cells from syngeneic mice were co-cultured to assess antigen presentation and T cell activation in response to LPS. PAHSA treatment prevented weight loss, improved colitis scores (stool consistency, hematochezia, and mouse appearance), and augmented intestinal crypt Paneth cell bactericidal potency via a mechanism that may involve GPR120. In vitro, PAHSAs attenuated dendritic cell activation and subsequent T cell proliferation and Th1 polarization. The anti-inflammatory effects of PAHSAs in vivo resulted in reduced colonic T cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression. These anti-inflammatory effects appear to be partially GPR120-dependent. We conclude that PAHSA treatment regulates innate and adaptive immune responses to prevent mucosal damage and protect against colitis. Thus, PAHSAs may be a novel treatment for colitis and related inflammation-driven diseases.Lipids have been a rich source of chemical matter for the development of new medicines (1). Endogenous small-molecule metabolites are another class of natural products made within the human body that have important biological activities (2). For example, the discovery and synthesis of prostaglandins revealed their diverse biological roles as autocrine and paracrine mediators in many tissues. This led to their development as therapeutic agents for a variety of indications ranging from vasodilatation to glaucoma treatment (3-6). More recently, compounds that target the sphingosine 1 receptors are emerging as novel therapeutics for autoimmune diseases (7). Thus, the discovery and characterization of bioactive lipids is of fundamental interest with broad impact. We recently discovered a structurally novel class of lipids, branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), 6 with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties (8). These lipids are products of endogenous synthesis in mammalian tissues and are also present in food. There are more than 16 FAHFA families, and each family is distinguished by having a different fatty acid and hydroxy fatty acid composition. Furthermor...

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“…The essential fatty acids have been studied extensively in animal models of IBD. Addition of PUFAs to the diets of mice had variable effects in preventing or treating colitis 30–34 . Specific amino acids are thought to be immunomodulatory, such as glutamine and arginine, and might be involved in mediating responses to metabolic stress, such as when the intestine in inflamed 35 .…”

Section: Nutrient-dependent Regulation Of Intestinal Inflammation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

et al. 2015

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Some of the most common symptoms of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. It is therefore not surprising that clinicians and patients have wondered whether dietary patterns influence the onset or course of IBD. The question of what to eat is among the most commonly asked by patients and among the most difficult to answer by clinicians. There are therefore substantial variations in dietary behaviors of patients and recommendations for them, although clinicians do not routinely endorse specific diets for patients with IBD. Dietary clinical trials have been limited by their inability to include a placebo control, contamination of study groups, and inclusion of patients receiving medical therapies. Further challenges include accuracy of information on dietary intake, complex interactions between foods consumed, and differences in food metabolism among individuals. We review the roles of diet in the etiology and management of IBD, based on plausible mechanisms and clinical evidence. Researchers have learned much about the effects of diet on the mucosal immune system, epithelial function, and the intestinal microbiome; these findings could have significant practical implications. Controlled studies of patients receiving enteral nutrition and observations made from patients on exclusion diets have shown that components of whole foods can have deleterious effects for patients with IBD. Additionally, studies in animal models suggested that certain nutrients can reduce intestinal inflammation. In the future, engineered diets that restrict deleterious components but supplement beneficial nutrients could be used to modify the luminal intestinal environment of patients with IBD—these might be used alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents, or as salvage therapy for patients who do not respond or lose responsiveness to medical therapies. Stricter diets might be required to induce remission, whereas more sustainable exclusion diets could be used to maintain long-term remission.

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Effects of increase in fish oil intake on intestinal eicosanoids and inflammation in a mouse model of colitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Branched Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) Protect against Colitis by Regulating Gut Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Diet in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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