Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON-fed and FO-fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre-weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T-ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL-1β and TNF-α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.

Periconceptional maternal ‘high fish and olive oil, low meat’ dietary pattern is associated with increased embryonic growth: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict) Study

“…Moreover, a dietary pattern high in red meat has been negatively associated with second‐ and third‐trimester fetal growth parameters. Recent animal data have also shown that maternal olive oil increased piglet birth weight, while reducing plasma interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in the offspring. We suggest that the lower intake of saturated fats and the increased omega‐3/omega‐6 fatty acid ratio, both expected in case of strong adherence to the high fish and olive oil, low meat dietary pattern, could impact on embryonic growth, possibly by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress pathways.…”

Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance, colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation

“…All data were checked for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Bartlett test, respectively (Shen et al 2015). All data were checked for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Bartlett test, respectively (Shen et al 2015).…”

“…An individual sow or piglet served as the experimental unit. All data were checked for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Bartlett test, respectively (Shen et al 2015).…”

Effects of Inulin Supplementation in Low‐ or High‐Fat Diets on Reproductive Performance of Sows and Antioxidant Defence Capacity in Sows and Offspring

“…The serum MDA concentration was measured by reaction with thiobarbituric acid at 95°C and expressed as nmol/ml as previously described by Shen et al. (). The serum T‐AOC was assayed by the reduction in Fe 3+ ‐tripyridyltriazine to Fe 2+ ‐ tripyridyltriazine and expressed as U/ml according to the method of Hu et al.…”