Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Zhu, Bingquan; Zheng, Shuangshuang; Lin, Kexin; Xu, Xin; Lv, Lina; Zhao, Zhiyuan; Shao, Jie

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.650407

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Previous reports have shown that infant formula supplemented with OPO shapes the structure and function of the gut microbiota (Yao et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2021). The overall diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are more similar to that of breast milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Infant formula supplemented with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin regulated the immunity, gut microbiota, and metabolites of mice colonized by feces from healthy infants

Chen

Xie²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Infant formula is currently an important food to cope with insufficient breastfeeding. Although 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) has been used in infant formula, its effects on the immune system, gut microbiota, and metabolites for infants remain unclear. This study constructed a mouse model of colonizing healthy infant feces using antibiotic treatment and fecal microbial transplantation. Thus, the gap between the infant formula supplemented with OPO and human milk in mouse serum biochemistry, immune system, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acid production, and metabolites was evaluated. Our results showed that regarding IL-9, IL-10 levels, fecal secretory IgA, and endotoxin, formula supplemented with OPO and human milk types had comparable levels. Additionally, OPO slightly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and metabonomics analysis demonstrated that feeding different foods affects the gut microbiota of mice; in particular, supplementing formula feeding with OPO enriched the abundance of bifidobacteria. Furthermore, feeding different foods leads to unique intestinal content of metabolites, and the gut microbiota regulates the metabolites' differences. Our results reveal a brand new perspective of OPO regarding gut microbiota and metabolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…At the same time, OPO improves the stool state, reduces stool hardness, and relieves constipation (Meneses et al, 2008). In addition, several studies have shown that OPO improves the balance of intestinal microbes in infants, activates immune cells, and improves immunity (Lu et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant formula supplemented with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin regulated the immunity, gut microbiota, and metabolites of mice colonized by feces from healthy infants

Chen

Xie²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…infantis, which is tailored towards the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) [ 30 , 31 ]. For infants fed on formula milk, infant formulae are commonly fortified with prebiotics so as to confer similar beneficial components as those found in breastmilk [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Prebiotics are “substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring health benefits to the host” [ 35 ].…”

Section: The Human Gut Microbiome In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These prebiotics have been shown to beneficially alter the gut microbiota of infants by selectively enhancing the growth of Bifidobacterium and lowering the abundance of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli [ 36 , 37 ]. However, GOS and FOS are structurally different from HMO [ 38 ] and so do not entirely replicate the beneficial effects of HMOs on the infant gut microbiota, for example, on a species level [ 34 , 39 , 40 ]. Nevertheless, it has been noted that an infant diet supported by prebiotic formula results in fewer infections than a placebo formula does, and so non-HMO prebiotics appear to have a positive impact in infants [ 41 ].…”

Section: The Human Gut Microbiome In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition and Gut Microbiota in Children

et al. 2021

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Malnutrition continues to threaten the lives of millions across the world, with children being hardest hit. Although inadequate access to food and infectious disease are the primary causes of childhood malnutrition, the gut microbiota may also contribute. This review considers the evidence on the role of diet in modifying the gut microbiota, and how the microbiota impacts childhood malnutrition. It is widely understood that the gut microbiota of children is influenced by diet, which, in turn, can impact child nutritional status. Additionally, diarrhoea, a major contributor to malnutrition, is induced by pathogenic elements of the gut microbiota. Diarrhoea leads to malabsorption of essential nutrients and reduced energy availability resulting in weight loss, which can lead to malnutrition. Alterations in gut microbiota of severe acute malnourished (SAM) children include increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroides levels. Additionally, the gut microbiota of SAM children exhibits lower relative diversity compared with healthy children. Thus, the data indicate a link between gut microbiota and malnutrition in children, suggesting that treatment of childhood malnutrition should include measures that support a healthy gut microbiota. This could be of particular relevance in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia where prevalence of malnutrition remains a major threat to the lives of millions.

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“…In recent years, the infant formulas have been enriched with bioactive ingredients (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, synthetically produced HMOs) to mimic the composition of the human milk. However, the beneficial effects of this supplementation on both, fecal microbiome, and metabolome are discussed (65,(78)(79)(80).…”

Section: Human Milk Vs Formula Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life—The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Community and Gut Maturation in Early Life

et al. 2021

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Differentiation of the digestive tube and formation of the gut unit as a whole, are regulated by environmental factors through epigenetic modifications which enhance cellular plasticity. The critical period of DNA imprinting lasts from conception until approximately the 1,000th day of human life. During pregnancy, besides agents that may directly promote epigenetic programming (e.g., folate, zinc, and choline supplementation), some factors (e.g., antibiotic use, dietary components) can affect the composition of the mother's microbiota, in turn affecting the fetal microbiome which interacts with the offspring's intestinal epithelial cells. According to available literature that confirms intrauterine microbial colonization, the impact of the microbiome and its metabolites on the genome seems to be key in fetal development, including functional gut maturation and the general health status of the offspring, as well as later on in life. Although the origin of the fetal microbiome is still not well-understood, the bacteria may originate from both the vagina, as the baby is born, as well as from the maternal oral cavity/gut, through the bloodstream. Moreover, the composition of the fetal gut microbiota varies depending on gestational age, which in turn possibly affects the regulation of the immune system at the barrier between mother and fetus, leading to differences in the ability of microorganisms to access and survive in the fetal environment. One of the most important local functions of the gut microbiota during the prenatal period is their exposure to foreign antigens which in turn contributes to immune system and tissue development, including fetal intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs). Additional factors that determine further infant microbiome development include whether the infant is born premature or at term, the method of delivery, maternal antibiotic use, and the composition of the mother's milk, among others. However, the latest findings highlight the fact that a more diverse infant gut microbiome at birth facilitates the proliferation of stem cells by microbial metabolites and accelerates infant development. This phenomenon confirms the unique role of microbiome. This review emphasizes the crucial perinatal and postnatal factors that may influence fetal and neonatal microbiota, and in turn gut maturation.

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Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Infant formula supplemented with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin regulated the immunity, gut microbiota, and metabolites of mice colonized by feces from healthy infants

Infant formula supplemented with 1,3-olein-2-palmitin regulated the immunity, gut microbiota, and metabolites of mice colonized by feces from healthy infants

Malnutrition and Gut Microbiota in Children

From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life—The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Community and Gut Maturation in Early Life

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