“…There is an extensive literature on the diseases of C. sapidus particularly in the Chesapeake Bay region of the United States that supports a large fishery (Jesse et al, 2021). Diseases include those caused by viruses (Johnson and Bodammer, 1975;Johnson and Lightner, 1988), bacteria (Krantz et al, 1969;Messick, 1998;Sullivan and Neigel, 2018), the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi (Messick and Shields, 2000;Huchin-Mian et al, 2017), various protistans, trematodes and ribbon worms (Messick, 1998;Shields, 2022).…”