Effects of Injection and Surface Applications of Liquid Swine Manure on Corn Yield and Soil Composition

Abstract

A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to study the agronomic effects of methods and rates of liquid swine manure application to Brookston‐Crosby silt loam soil (fine, mixed mesic Aeric Ochraqualfs) cropped to corn (Zea mays L.). Swine manure (5.2–6.6% dry matter) from an anaerobic pit was applied to soil annually at 90, 135, and 180 t/ha by injection (30 cm below soil surface) and broadcast (surface) methods. These three rates provided averages of 428, 643, and 857 kg N/ha; 133, 200, and 266 kg P/ha; and 155, 232, and 310 kg K/ha per year; respectively. Check and inorganic fertilizer (168 kg N/ha, 56 kg P/ha, and 112 kg K/ha) treatments were also studied.The injection method of liquid manure application increased corn grain yield an average of 2,130 kg/ha each year, compared with the broadcast method at similar rates of application. Injection of swine manure was associated with higher corn‐leaf N levels the first year; corn‐leaf N, P, and K levels the second year; and corn‐leaf N and K the third year of the study when compared with corn leaves from the broadcast method. Rate of manure application had little influence on corn‐leaf analyses, and inconsistent effects on corn yield.Nutrient loadings of the soil from liquid manure applications were in excess of crop requirements, as evidenced by nutrient accumulations, particularly P and K, in the soil. Increases in soil nutrient levels at different depths in the profile reflected the initial placement of the manure by application methods (broadcast vs. injection). Volatile losses of NH3‐N from surface‐applied liquid manure were reflected in lower corn yield response, lower corn‐leaf N content, and lower soil NH4+ and NO3− levels when comparing these parameters with the injection treatment. Application of liquid swine manure by injection at the 90 t/ha rate increased corn grain yield 14% above that from the inorganic fertilizer treatment.

Inibidor de nitrificação e aplicação parcelada de dejetos de suínos nas culturas do milho e trigo

“…Todavia, uma constatação da maioria dos trabalhos refere-se à baixa recuperação pelas culturas do N aplicado ao solo com os dejetos (Zebarth et al, 1996;Yagüe & Quílez, 2010;Meade et al, 2011), o que tem sido atribuído às perdas de N por lixiviação de nitrato (NO 3 -) (Meade et al, 2011), volatilização de amônia (NH 3 ) (Sutton et al, 1982) e desnitrificação (Mooleki et al, 2002). Tais perdas, além de reduzirem o potencial fertilizante dos dejetos, podem resultar em poluição da água pelo NO 3 -e do ar pela amônia e, principalmente, pelo óxido nitroso (N 2 O), cujo potencial de aquecimento global é aproximadamente 300 vezes superior ao do dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) (IPCC, 2006).…”

Nonpoint source pollution by swine farming wastewater in bean crop

“…In this condition, the use of manure in amounts over crop requirement may increase phosphorus soil leaching due to reduced adsorption capacity. Sutton et al (1982), Beauchemin et al (1986) cited that along the years and with the irrational and unrestrained use of wastewater, the ground water contamination potential exits even with nutrients (phosphorus in this case) so far considered immobile in deep soil layers.…”

“…According to Sutton et al (1982) and Beauchemin et al (1996), in farming regions, it is common the continued application of wastewater and manure to farmable land, which affords a surplus and may add to the phosphorus leaching as a function of the reduced absorption capacity of soil.…”

Swine manure application methods effects on ammonia volatilization, forage quality, and yield in the Pre-Amazon Region of Brazil

“…Medeiros et al (2007) concluded that annually applying 180 m 3 ha -1 of pig slurry allowed for a similar DM yield of 'Marandu' grass to that obtained with mineral fertilizer with an average yield of 3.0 Mg ha -1 . In addition, Sutton et al (1982) found that injecting SM increased corn grain yield in 2.1 kg ha -1 compared with broadcasting application. Furthermore, Groot et al (2007) in a 4-yr study in The Netherlands found that shallow manure injection resulted in greater N recovery by the grass crop (42% recovery) than with surface application (26% recovery).…”