Effects of injuries to descending motor pathways on restoration of gait in patients with pontine hemorrhage

Yeo, Sang Seok; Jang, Sung Ho; Park, Ga Young; Oh, Seunghue

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104857

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the fractional anisotropy value of CST and gait recovery 37 , 38 , 40 . Interestingly, in contrast, Yeo et al 41 showed that neither the CST nor vestibulospinal tract played an important role in independent gait, but an intact CRP was related to gait function in 9 patients with pontine hemorrhage. They demonstrated the important relationship exists between the CRP, not the CST, and gait ability although the lack of relationship between the CST and walking ability might be affected by the limited sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A systematic review of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the gait ability of stroke patients

Imura

Mitsutake

Iwamoto

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting gait ability in stroke patients remains unclear. Therefore, MRI evaluations have not yet been standardized in stroke rehabilitation. We performed a systematic review to consolidate evidence regarding the use of MRIs in predicting gait ability of stroke patients. The Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and SCOPUS databases were comprehensively searched. We included all literature published from each source’s earliest date to August 2020. We included 19 studies: 8 were classified as structure- or function-based MRI studies and 11 as neural tract integrity-based MRI studies. Most structure- or function-based MRI studies indicated that damage to motor-related areas (primary motor cortex, corona radiata, internal capsule, and basal ganglia) or insula was related to poor gait recovery. In neural tract integrity-based MRI studies, integrity of the corticospinal tract was related to gait ability. Some studies reported predictive value of the corticoreticular pathway. All included studies had some concerns, at least one, based on the Cochrane risk of bias instrument. This review suggests that MRIs are useful in predicting gait ability of stroke patients. However, we cannot make definitive conclusion regarding the predictive value, due to the lack of quantitative evaluations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A systematic review of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the gait ability of stroke patients

Imura

Mitsutake

Iwamoto

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If these projections have been evolutionarily preserved, prior diffusion tractography studies have vastly underestimated the extent of the CRP. Several of these studies have restricted the analysis to projections involving either the precentral gyrus (Lindenberg et al, 2010;Schulz et al, 2017;Zheng and Schlaug, 2015) or secondary motor cortex, (Jang and Seo, 2015;Yeo et al, 2012;Yeo et al, 2020) possibly because initial attempts to map the human CRP without limiting the cortical search window have not found anterior cingulate or medial prefrontal origins. (Soulard et al, 2020;Yeo et al, 2014) However, these studies performed tractography with low-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and the simple diffusion tensor model, which is unable to resolve multiple fiber populations within a voxel and thus highly prone to false negatives (and false positives).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that some prior studies have only studied CRP projections originating from the secondary motor area, (Jang and Seo, 2015;Yeo et al, 2012;Yeo et al, 2020) another important finding was that the primary and secondary motor areas had similar CRP projection strength. Prior tract tracer and invasive neurophysiology studies in animals (including primates) have also consistently found evidence of robust CRP projections originating from the primary motor cortex, including many collateral branches of CST axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies in humans and other animals have exclusively mapped CRP projections from the primary and secondary motor areas. (Asboth et al, 2018;Darling et al, 2018;Fisher et al, 2021;Fregosi et al, 2017;He and Wu, 1985;Ishida et al, 2019;Jang and Lee, 2019;Jinnai, 1984;Kably and Drew, 1998a;Kably and Drew, 1998b;Lamas et al, 1994;Matsuyama et al, 2004;Pilyavsky, 1975;Schulz et al, 2017;Takase et al, 2017;Yeo et al, 2020) However, the extent of cortical inputs to the CRP has not been well defined, and there have been preliminary indications of potentially important CRP bundles originating from outside the motor cortex. (Keizer et al, 1989;Newman et al, 1989;Rho et al, 1997;Rossi and Brodal, 1956;Shammah-Lagnado et al, 1987) For example, one anterograde axonal tracing study using wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the rat revealed dense RFmotor projections from the anterior cingulate cortex (N=2) and medial prefrontal cortex (N=5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex-wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse

Boyne

Awosika

Luo

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The corticoreticular pathway (CRP) has been implicated as an important mediator of motor recovery and rehabilitation after central nervous system damage. However, its origins, trajectory and laterality are not well understood. This study mapped the mouse CRP in comparison with the corticospinal tract (CST). We systematically searched the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (© 2011 Allen Institute for Brain Science) for experiments that used anterograde tracer injections into the right isocortex in mice. For each eligible experiment (N=607), CRP and CST projection strength were quantified by the tracer volume reaching the reticular formation motor nuclei (RFmotor) and pyramids respectively. Tracer density in each brain voxel was also correlated with RFmotor versus pyramids projection strength to explore the relative trajectories of the CRP and CST. We found significant CRP projections originating from the primary and secondary motor cortices, anterior cingulate, primary somatosensory cortex and medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with the CST, the CRP had stronger projections from each region except the primary somatosensory cortex. Ipsilateral projections were stronger than contralateral for both tracts (above the pyramidal decussation), but the CRP projected more bilaterally than the CST. The estimated CRP trajectory was anteromedial to the CST in the internal capsule and dorsal to the CST in the brainstem. Our findings reveal a widespread distribution of CRP origins and confirm strong bilateral CRP projections, theoretically increasing the potential for partial sparing after brain lesions and contralesional compensation after unilateral injury.

show abstract

“…[3][4][5][6][7] RST neurons project to spinal cord interneurons and lower motor neurons, forming both excitatory and inhibitory synapses that span multiple joints and limbs. [2] Although it has received much less attention than the CST, [8,9] there is now burgeoning interest in the CReST as a potential mediator of commonly observed movement patterns [9][10][11][12] and motor recovery [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] after central nervous system damage. For example, the distributed projections of the CRP offer the possibility of a proximal bypass around brain lesions like stroke, to potentially compensate for disruption of motor pathways and restore some volitional movement function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the human corticoreticular pathway with multimodal delineation of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and high-resolution diffusion tractography

Boyne

DiFrancesco

Awosika

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major motor tract that provides volitional input to the reticular formation motor nuclei and may be an important mediator of motor recovery after central nervous system damage. However, its cortical origins, trajectory and laterality are incompletely understood in humans. This study aimed to map the human CRP and generate an average CRP template in standard MRI space. Following recently established guidelines, we manually delineated the primary reticular formation motor nucleus (gigantocellular reticular nucleus [GRN]) using several group-mean MRI contrasts from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). CRP tractography was then performed with HCP diffusion-weighted MRI data (N=1,065) by selecting diffusion streamlines that reached both the frontal cortex and GRN. Corticospinal tract (CST) tractography was also performed for comparison. Results suggest that the human CRP has widespread origins, which overlap with the CST across most of the motor cortex and include additional exclusive inputs from the medial and anterior prefrontal cortices. The estimated CRP projected through the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule before partially decussating in the midbrain tegmentum and converging bilaterally on the pontomedullary reticular formation. Thus, the CRP trajectory appears to partially overlap the CST, while being more distributed and anteromedial to the CST in the cerebrum before moving posterior to the CST in the brainstem. These findings have important implications for neurophysiologic testing, cortical stimulation and movement recovery after brain lesions. We expect that our GRN and tract maps will also facilitate future CRP research.HIGHLIGHTSThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major tract with poorly known human anatomyWe mapped the human CRP with diffusion tractography led by postmortem & animal dataThe CRP appears to originate from most of the motor cortices and further anteriorThe estimated CRP had distributed and bilateral projections to the brainstemThese findings have important implications for motor recovery after brain lesions

show abstract

Effects of injuries to descending motor pathways on restoration of gait in patients with pontine hemorrhage

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

A systematic review of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the gait ability of stroke patients

A systematic review of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the gait ability of stroke patients

Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex-wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse

Mapping the human corticoreticular pathway with multimodal delineation of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and high-resolution diffusion tractography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About