Effects of Inorganic Seeds on Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation

Chu, Biwu; Jiang, Jingkun; Lü, Zifeng; Wang, Kun; Li, Junhua; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.5772/48424

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Figure S11 compares the SOA yields of this work with previous studies. The measured SOA yields of the toluene–NO system are in the range of 0.016 to 0.097, which are comparable with the yields of 0.039 to 0.127 reported by Odum et al, Takekawa et al, Ng et al, and Chu et al…”

Section: Applications Of the Chamber In O3 And Soa Formation Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

A New Type of Quartz Smog Chamber: Design and Characterization

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Since the 1960s, many indoor and outdoor smog chambers have been developed worldwide. However, most of them are made of Teflon films, which have relatively high background contaminations due to the wall effect. We developed the world's first medium-size quartz chamber (10 m 3 ), which is jointed with 32 pieces of 5 mm thick polished quartz glasses and a stainless-steel frame. Characterizations show that this chamber exhibits excellent performance in terms of relative humidity (RH) (2−80%) and temperature (15−30 ± 1 °C) control, mixing efficiency of the reactants (6−8 min), light transmittance (>90% above 290 nm), and wall loss of pollutants. The wall loss rates of the gas-phase pollutants are on the order of 10 −4 min −1 at 298 K under dry conditions. It is 0.08 h −1 for 100−500 nm particles, significantly lower than those of Teflon chambers. The photolysis rate of NO 2 (J NO2 ) is automatically adjustable to simulate the diurnal variation of solar irradiation from 0 to 0.40 min −1 . The inner surface of the chamber can be repeatedly washed with deionized water, resulting in low background contaminations. Both experiments (toluene−NOx and α-pinene−ozone systems) and box model demonstrate that this new quartz chamber can provide high-quality data for investigating SOA and O 3 formation in the atmosphere.

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Section: Applications Of the Chamber In O3 And Soa Formation Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

A New Type of Quartz Smog Chamber: Design and Characterization

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…First, the effect of NO x in Y SOA seems to be very complex as there are multiple studies that show contradictory results, as summarized by Chan et al [ 18 ], so it is hard to state clearly if the observed difference can be due to this factor. Secondly, the presence of ammonium sulfate seeds enhances Y SOA [ 35 ] and would explain the difference observed between the OH reaction studied by Chan et al [ 18 ] and the results presented in this study. Moreover, there are other factors that can affect the SOA yields, such as the temperature and the relative humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Gas-Phase Reaction of trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal with Cl: Kinetics, Gaseous Products, and SOA Formation

et al. 2020

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The gas-phase reaction between trans-2-methyl-2-butenal and chlorine (Cl) atoms has been studied in a simulation chamber at 298 ± 2 K and 760 ± 5 Torr of air under free-NOx conditions. The rate coefficient of this reaction was determined as k = (2.45 ± 0.32) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 by using a relative method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition to this technique, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to detect and monitor the time evolution of the gas-phase reaction products. The major primary reaction product from the addition of Cl to the C-3 of trans-2-methyl-2-butenal was 3-chloro-2-butanone, with a molar yield (YProd) of (52.5 ± 7.3)%. Acetaldehyde (Y = (40.8 ± 0.6)%) and HCl were also identified, indicating that the H-abstraction by Cl from the aldehyde group is a reaction pathway as well. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation was investigated by using a fast mobility particle sizer spectrometer. The SOA yield in the Cl + trans-2-methyl-2-butenal reaction is reported to be lower than 2.4%, thus its impact can be considered negligible. The atmospheric importance of the titled reaction is similar to the corresponding OH reaction in areas with high Cl concentration.

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“…At the turn of the 20th-21st century, two "discoveries" opened the door to an aggressive research program in photochemical aerosol formation. The first was the finding from smog chamber experiments that isoprene, a C5 unsaturated hydrocarbon, could form aerosols partly as a consequence of heterogeneous reactions with an acid catalyst [194,195] or other seed material [196][197][198]. "Seeding" may also be related to acid gases present in irradiated gas producing SOA [199].…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry in a Box or a Bag

Hidy¹

2019

Atmosphere

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Environmental chambers have proven to be essential for atmospheric photochemistry research. This historical perspective summarizes chamber research characterizing smog. Experiments with volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have characterized O 3 and aerosol chemistry. These led to the creation and evaluation of complex reaction mechanisms adopted for various applications. Gas-phase photochemistry was initiated and developed using chamber studies. Post-1950s study of photochemical aerosols began using smog chambers. Much of the knowledge about the chemistry of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) derives from chamber studies complemented with specially designed atmospheric studies. Two major findings emerge from post-1990s SOA experiments: (1) photochemical SOAs hypothetically involve hydrocarbons and oxygenates with carbon numbers of 2, and (2) SOA evolves via more than one generation of reactions as condensed material exchanges with the vapor phase during "aging". These elements combine with multiphase chemistry to yield mechanisms for aerosols. Smog chambers, like all simulators, are limited representations of the atmosphere. Translation to the atmosphere is complicated by constraints in reaction times, container interactions, influence of precursor injections, and background species. Interpretation of kinetics requires integration into atmospheric models addressing the combined effects of precursor emissions, surface exchange, hydrometeor interactions, air motion and sunlight.

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Effects of Inorganic Seeds on Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

A New Type of Quartz Smog Chamber: Design and Characterization

A New Type of Quartz Smog Chamber: Design and Characterization

Gas-Phase Reaction of trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal with Cl: Kinetics, Gaseous Products, and SOA Formation

Atmospheric Chemistry in a Box or a Bag

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