Effects of intranasal cocaine on human learning, performance and physiology

Higgins, Stephen T.; Bickel, Warren K.; Hughes, John R.; Lynn, Mary R.; Capeless, Mark A.; Fenwick, James W.

doi:10.1007/bf02247124

Cited by 91 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Consistent with the more frequent and recent cocaine use in the CUD + group, this pattern of results may be attributed to the neurocognitive enhancing effects of acute cocaine in CUD (Higgins et al, 1990;Johnson et al, 1998Johnson et al, , 2005, discussed below. Figure 1 Neuropsychological performance of cocaine-addicted subjects as compared with control subjects.…”

Section: A Neuropsychological Profile Of Cocaine Abusesupporting

confidence: 57%

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Woicik

Moeller

Alia‐Klein

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

174

134

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Individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) form a heterogeneous group, making sensitive neuropsychological (NP) comparisons with healthy individuals difficult. The current study examined the effects on NP functioning of four factors that commonly vary among CUD: urine status for cocaine (positive vs negative on study day), cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dysphoria. Sixty-four cocaine abusers were matched to healthy comparison subjects on gender and race; the groups also did not differ in measures of general intellectual functioning. All subjects were administered an extensive NP battery measuring attention, executive function, memory, facial and emotion recognition, and motor function. Compared with healthy control subjects, CUD exhibited performance deficits on tasks of attention, executive function, and verbal memory (within one standard deviation of controls). Although CUD with positive urine status, who had higher frequency and more recent cocaine use, reported greater symptoms of dysphoria, these cognitive deficits were most pronounced in the CUD with negative urine status. Cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol consumption, and dysphoria did not alter these results. The current findings replicate a previously reported statistically significant, but relatively mild NP impairment in CUD as compared with matched healthy control individuals and further suggest that frequent/recent cocaine may mask underlying cognitive (but not mood) disturbances. These results call for development of pharmacological agents targeted to enhance cognition, without negatively impacting mood in individuals addicted to cocaine.

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Section: A Neuropsychological Profile Of Cocaine Abusesupporting

confidence: 57%

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Woicik

Moeller

Alia‐Klein

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

174

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a repeated acquisition task, for example, low doses of cocaine given acutely did not affect accuracy, whereas high doses decreased accuracy (Fischman, 1984). On the other hand, cocaine has been reported to increase mood and arousal scores in humans (Foltin & Fischman, 1991) and to improve human performance in a digit symbol substitution test (Higgins et al, 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cocaine on Simple Reaction Times and Sensory Thresholds in Baboons

Hienz

Spear

Bowers

1994

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The effects of chronic, daily administration of cocaine on auditory and visual reaction times and thresholds were studied in baboons. Single intramuscular injections of cocaine hydrochloride (0.1 to 5.6 mg/kg) were given once daily for periods of 10 to 25 days, and were followed immediately by psychophysical tests designed to assess cocaine's effects on simple reaction times as well as on auditory and visual threshold functions. Consistent reductions in reaction times were frequently observed over the cocaine dose range of 0.32 to 1.0 mg/kg; at higher doses, either decreases or increases in reaction times were observed, depending upon the animal. Lowered reaction times generally occurred immediately following the 1st day's cocaine injection, and continued through all subsequent days during the dose administration period, suggesting little development of tolerance or sensitivity to these reactiontime effects. Reaction-time decreases showed a U-shaped dose-effect function. The greatest decreases in reaction times occurred from 0.32 to 1.0 mg/kg, and produced an average reaction-time decrease of 10 to 12%. Concurrently measured auditory and visual thresholds showed no systematic changes as a function of cocaine dose. Pausing was observed during performance of the psychophysical tasks, with the length of total session pause times being directly related to cocaine dose.

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“…Some studies have found that drugs that stimulate the central nervous system, (e.g., amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine) sometimes may improve laboratory driving performance (Ward, Kelly, Foltin, & Fischman, 1997;Burns, 1993;Higgins et al, 1990;Hurst, 1976). However, in the Jones et al (2003) literature review, it is reported that amphetamines are not usually associated with easily observable behavioral impairments.…”

Section: Impact Of Drugs On Driving Skills Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Results

Lacey¹,

Kelley-Baker²,

Furr‐Holden³

et al. 2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Amy Berning served as the project's Contracting Officer's Technical Representative. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provided funding and support for the assessment of alcohol use disorders. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) provided funding for the collection of additional blood samples and the administration of the drug use disorders assessment. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) provided support for querying participants about interaction with the criminal justice system. AbstractThis report presents the first national prevalence estimates for drug-involved driving derived from the recently completed 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS). The NRS is a national field survey of alcohol-and drug-involved driving conducted primarily among nighttime weekend drivers, but also daytime Friday drivers. The survey involved randomly stopping drivers at 300 locations across the continental United States; sites were selected through a stratified random sampling procedure. This included data that we collected during a two-hour Friday daytime session at 60 locations and during four 2-hour nighttime periods (10 p.m. to midnight and 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. on both Friday and Saturday) at 240 locations. Both self-report and biological measures were taken. Biological measures included breath alcohol measurements on 9,413 respondents, oral fluid from 7,719 respondents, and blood samples from 3,276 respondents. Oral fluid and blood samples were subjected to laboratory screening and LC/MS-MS and GC/MS confirmation for 75 drugs and metabolites, including illegal, prescription, and over-the-counter drugs. These data were analyzed to develop the first national prevalence estimate of alcohol-and drug-involved driving. Two prior reports on the 2007 NRS described: (1) the sampling plan and data collection methodology, summarizing the response patterns to the various stages of the multi-part survey; and (2) the prevalence estimates for alcohol-involved driving derived from the study, and comparing them with the three previous National Roadside Surveys (NRS). iii AcknowledgementsThe authors received extensive assistance from State and local officials in the conduct of this project. Our data collection procedures were not routine. The willingness of officials to help us identify cooperating local law enforcement agencies and the willingness of agencies to participate in the project were essential to our success. To all those who helped in conducting this study, the authors express their sincere gratitude. ) which presents the prevalence estimates for alcohol-involved driving derived from the study, and compares those estimates with data from the three previous National Roadside Surveys. MethodologyThree prior national roadside surveys of drivers to estimate prevalence of drinking and driving and determine changes over time have been conducted in the United States. These surveys, which included a brief interview and a breath sample to determine blood alcohol concentration (BAC), were conducted on a s...

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Effects of intranasal cocaine on human learning, performance and physiology

Cited by 91 publications

References 15 publications

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Effects of Cocaine on Simple Reaction Times and Sensory Thresholds in Baboons

2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Results

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