These preliminary data suggest that COND may be common in patients with severe ED and should be kept in mind when treating these patients.

Amy Berning served as the project Contracting Officer's Technical Representative. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provided funding and support for the assessment of alcohol use disorders. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) provided funding for the assessment of drug use disorders. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) provided support for querying participants about intervention with the Criminal Justice System. AbstractThis report describes the methodology for the 2007 U.S. national field study to estimate the prevalence of alcohol-, drug-, and alcohol-and-drug-involved driving, primarily among nighttime weekend drivers, but also daytime Friday drivers. This study involved randomly stopping drivers at 300 locations across the continental United States; sites were selected through a stratified random sampling procedure. Data were collected during a 2-hour Friday daytime session at 60 locations, and during four 2-hour nighttime periods (10 p.m. to midnight and 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. on both Friday and Saturday nights) at 240 locations. Both self-report and biological measures were taken. An objective was to obtain at least 7,500 oral fluid samples for analysis. Biological measures included breath alcohol measurements on 9,413 respondents, oral fluid samples from 7,719 respondents, and blood samples from 3,276 respondents. Oral fluid and blood samples were subjected to laboratory screening and LC/MS-MS and GC/MS confirmation respectively for both alcohol and 20 categories of drugs. These data are being analyzed to develop the first national prevalence estimate of alcohol-and drug-involved driving. This first report describes the field methods used to conduct this study, including data collection procedures. Overall response rates are also presented. Two other reports will present the results of the data collection and analyses; one will focus on alcohol use prevalence estimates among drivers and compare them with previous National Roadside Surveys conducted in 1973, 1986, and 1996; the other report will provide drug use prevalence estimates among drivers. AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the extensive assistance we received from State and local officials in the conduct of this project. Our data collection procedures were not routine by any means and the willingness of State officials to help us identify local police agencies and the agencies' willingness to participate in the project were essential to our success.

This study examines the prevalence of self-damaging and addictive behaviour in a consecutive series of 112 normal-weight bulimic women all stemming from the same urban catchment area. A quarter reported consuming over 36 units of alcohol a week, and nine drank over 50 units. Twenty-eight per cent abused drugs, 21% repeatedly stole, 18% repeatedly overdosed, and 8% regularly cut themselves. In all, 40% reported self-damaging and addictive behaviour, 80% of whom gave a history of three or more behaviours together. Alcohol abuse was significantly associated with drug abuse and repeated overdosing; repeated cutting was significantly associated with drug abuse. Repeated stealing and overdosing were markers of severity and did not occur in isolation. A core group, termed and defined by the author as 'multi-impulsive bulimics', were older, less likely to be employed, married, or in a stable union, but were more likely to have an alcohol-abusing partner or to come from a family with a history of alcohol abuse. They were also more likely to give a history of sexual abuse.

Postnatal treatment intervention should focus on women 'at risk' of relapse, but all women with bulimia should be assessed for postnatal depression.