2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Methodology

Abstract

Amy Berning served as the project Contracting Officer's Technical Representative. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) provided funding and support for the assessment of alcohol use disorders. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) provided funding for the assessment of drug use disorders. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) provided support for querying participants about intervention with the Criminal Justice System. AbstractThis report describes the methodology for the 2007 U.S. national field study to estimate the prevalence of alcohol-, drug-, and alcohol-and-drug-involved driving, primarily among nighttime weekend drivers, but also daytime Friday drivers. This study involved randomly stopping drivers at 300 locations across the continental United States; sites were selected through a stratified random sampling procedure. Data were collected during a 2-hour Friday daytime session at 60 locations, and during four 2-hour nighttime periods (10 p.m. to midnight and 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. on both Friday and Saturday nights) at 240 locations. Both self-report and biological measures were taken. An objective was to obtain at least 7,500 oral fluid samples for analysis. Biological measures included breath alcohol measurements on 9,413 respondents, oral fluid samples from 7,719 respondents, and blood samples from 3,276 respondents. Oral fluid and blood samples were subjected to laboratory screening and LC/MS-MS and GC/MS confirmation respectively for both alcohol and 20 categories of drugs. These data are being analyzed to develop the first national prevalence estimate of alcohol-and drug-involved driving. This first report describes the field methods used to conduct this study, including data collection procedures. Overall response rates are also presented. Two other reports will present the results of the data collection and analyses; one will focus on alcohol use prevalence estimates among drivers and compare them with previous National Roadside Surveys conducted in 1973, 1986, and 1996; the other report will provide drug use prevalence estimates among drivers. AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the extensive assistance we received from State and local officials in the conduct of this project. Our data collection procedures were not routine by any means and the willingness of State officials to help us identify local police agencies and the agencies' willingness to participate in the project were essential to our success.

Beber e dirigir: características de condutores com bafômetro positivo

“…Este estudo foi transversal e baseou-se na metodologia de sobriety checkpoints (postos de scalização de sobriedade), utilizada em pesquisas realizadas nos Estados Unidos, Canadá, Austrália e outros países [11][12][13] . Basicamente, estabeleceram-se postos de scalização em vias públicas consideradas estratégicas, de tráfego mais intenso, quando então foi realizado o levantamento de dados com a aplicação do teste do bafômetro.…”

Marijuana and Other Substance Use Among Motor Vehicle Operators: A Latent Class Analysis

“…For the current study, we used a subset of the total sample that provided demographic and substance use data on more than one substance (excluding alcohol). As the 2007 NRS is described in great detail elsewhere (Lacey et al, 2009), it will be outlined below only as it is directly relevant to the current study.…”

“…In instances where participants provided invalid breath samples, oral fluid or blood samples were used in determining alcohol concentration. Approximately 50 substances were covered by this analysis (see Lacey, 2009, for detailed list), but in the current study the only substances examined were opiate analgesics (i.e., codeine, hydrocodone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone, propoxyphene, and tramadol), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-the principal psychoactive constituent found in marijuana), cocaine, heroin, methadone, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA [Ecstasy]), methamphetamine (meth), gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates.…”

“…The present study is a secondary analysis of the 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS) data (Lacey et al 2009). The NRS was a field study conducted throughout the 48 contiguous United States, examining rates of substance use among a random sample of daytime and nighttime weekend drivers.…”

“…The average age of the participants was 33.62 years (SD = 13.43). Participants were randomly selected drivers at designated roadside survey stations (see Lacey et al, 2009, for additional information on survey sites and selection process). Drivers were flagged down by police officers who directed them to study personnel.…”