Effects of Iproniazid in Depressive Syndromes

West, Eric D.; Dally, Peter

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5136.1491

Cited by 351 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Originally, West and Dally (1959), Sargant (1960) and Hordern (1965) had mentioned intensive lethargy as a core symptom of AD. Leaden paralysis in the modern concept of AD was described and operationalized in a key paper by Stewart et al (1993) as the physical sensation of being "heavy, leaden, or weighted down", having "low physical energy", and by questions such as "is it ever a physical effort to climb stairs or get out of a chair?"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atypical depressive syndromes in varying definitions

Angst

Gamma

Benazzi

et al. 2005

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

107

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■ Abstract Background Atypical depression (AD) exhibits distinct patterns of gender, bipolar-II disorder, genetic, and neuro-biological measures. Using prospective data from a community sample, this paper identifies criteria (and correlates) for an AD syndrome that maximizes the association with female sex and bipolar-II. Methods The Zurich cohort study is composed of 591 subjects selected from a population-based cohort of young adults in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland, screened in 1978 and followed with six interviews through 1999. Seven definitions of atypical depression were tested, using varying combinations of vegetative symptoms and mood reactivity. Results The atypical definitions using 2 of 3 (fatigue, overeating, oversleeping) or 2 of 2 (overeating, oversleeping) vegetative symptoms showed the strongest association with gender, bipolarity, and family history of mania. The 2/3 definition was chosen for further analysis due to its high sensitivity for identifying these characteristics. This syndrome had cumulated weighted prevalence of 16.4 % (males 9.7 %, females 23 %); when associated with major depressive episodes, 8.2 % (males 3.2 %, females 15.1 %). AD patients were characterized by high treatment rates, severity, and work impairment, early age of onset and long illness. AD was comorbid with social phobia, binge eating, neurasthenia, migraine headache, and subjective cognitive impairment.■ Key words atypical depression · bipolar-II disorder · sex · prevalence

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Parker et al (2002) presented data suggesting the existence of an atypical syndrome with the core symptom of interpersonal rejection hypersensitivity, associated with panic disorder and social phobia, which goes back to the origin of the concept of AD (West and Dally 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical depressive syndromes in varying definitions

Angst

Gamma

Benazzi

et al. 2005

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, the patients with atypical depression are assumed to show lower ego functions than those with melancholic depression. On the other hand, as shown in West & Dally (1959) and Sargant (1962), the patients with atypical depression are considered to have a hysterical character because those patients tend to become too reactive to stimulus and get hyperactive and aggressive, and then such a hysterical character is assumed to lead them into depression. According to the findings of West & Dally (1959) and Sargant (1962), it is considered that the patients with atypical depression have a hysterical character, not a Psychology borderline character, so that the organization level of character pathology of the patients with atypical depression is different from that of the patients with borderline personality disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, as shown in West & Dally (1959) and Sargant (1962), the patients with atypical depression are considered to have a hysterical character because those patients tend to become too reactive to stimulus and get hyperactive and aggressive, and then such a hysterical character is assumed to lead them into depression. According to the findings of West & Dally (1959) and Sargant (1962), it is considered that the patients with atypical depression have a hysterical character, not a Psychology borderline character, so that the organization level of character pathology of the patients with atypical depression is different from that of the patients with borderline personality disorder. The hysterical character is regarded as the higher level of organization of character pathology (Kernberg, 1976), which is the same level of the depressive-masochistic character of the patients with melancholic depression, so that the conditions of the ego functions in the patients with atypical depression may not be different from those in the patients with melancholic depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Ego Functions between Those with Tendency to Atypical Depression and Those with Tendency to Melancholic Depression

Hayashi¹,

Takei²,

Fujimori³

et al. 2017

PSYCH

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This study aimed to clarify ego functions of the university students having a tendency to atypical depression by comparing those with other students having a tendency to melancholic depression and borderline personality disorder. The answers to the questionnaires were obtained from 278 university students. The results showed that no difference was found in the total scores of ego functions and the scores of the sub-scales such as "synthetic-integrative functioning," "sense of reality," "control of impulses," "objective relation," "stimulus barrier," and "autonomous functioning" between the students having a tendency to atypical depression and those having a tendency to melancholic depression; while the scores of the "defensive functioning," one of the ego functions, were significantly higher in the students having a tendency to atypical depression than in those having a tendency to melancholic depression. This suggested that the students having a tendency to atypical depression may have a higher function of protecting their ego from conflicts than those having a tendency to melancholic depression.

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“…It dates back to early views from St Thomasf Hospital in London, first published by West a& Dally (1959), that these drugs were more effective in atypical depression. This concept has actually meant various things to various people (Paykel et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%