Effects of iron pipe corrosion on GPR detection

Pennock, S.R.; Chapman, David; Rogers, C. D. F.; Royal, Alexander; Naji, Adham; Redfern, M.A.

doi:10.1109/icgpr.2010.5550072

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To investigate how GPR signal responses can be affected by corrosion products contaminating the soil around a buried pipe FDTD [10], [18], [19] simulations were performed. The cross section through a buried pipe is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Gpr Electromagnetic Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three dimensional FDTD simulations using 'in-house' soft ware at the University of Bath [10], [18] were taken observing the frequency range up to 1.5 GHz. The discretisation was dx = dy = dz = 2.5 mm which ensured that the FDTD cells were smaller than Ad/10, Ad being the wavelength in the dielectric medium.…”

Section: B Simulations Of a Wider Set Of Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, corroded buried pipes can be difficult to detect with OPR [9], with the issue further exacerbated in wet conductive clays which can attenuate OPR signal reflection, progressively worsening 978-1-4799-6789-6/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE with increasing corrosion. Previous work [10] has examined the reduction in reflection that corrosion products can cause, using very wide estimates of permittivity and conductivity of soil contaminated by corrosion products, and a simple assumed variation in the permittivity and conductivity. Here, the situation of modification for clay surrounding a corroding iron pipe is considered in some detail, assessing the spatial modification of conductivity and permittivity under anode cathode conditions away from the corroding cast iron pipe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of soil contamination by iron pipe corrosion and its influence on GPR detection

Pennock

Abed

Curioni

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar

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It has been observed that the corrosion of iron pipes in soil can produce variations in ground conductivity around the pipe, and that the visibility of such pipes to GPR can be greatly reduced. This new investigation and measurement of the permittivity and conductivity of soil contaminated by iron pipe corrosion products produces more accurate knowledge of permittivity and conductivity data and their likely spatial vari ation with distance from the corroding pipe. The experimental data are the result of monitoring accelerated corrosion over a period of several weeks and using TDR and direct conductivity measurement schemes. FDTD simulations of GPR signals show how the corrosion induced variation in the visibility of the pipe varies with the thickness and shape of the new spatial variations permittivity and conductivity.The results indicate that in the earlier stages of pipe corrosion use of lower GPR frequencies will still detect the pipe, although at lower spatial resolution.

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Section: Evaluation Of Gpr Electromagnetic Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Simulations Of a Wider Set Of Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of soil contamination by iron pipe corrosion and its influence on GPR detection

Pennock

Abed

Curioni

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar

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“…It has been observed that iron pipes are weakened by corrosion processes, and in certain soil conditions the migration of iron from the pipe into the surrounding soil can effectively mask the presence of the pipe in GPR surveys (Pennock et al, 2010). Corrosion, an electrochemical process, is a natural phenomenon that greatly depends on the environmental conditions, such as aggressive soil, use of dissimilar metals, and stray electric current.…”

Section: The Masking Of Iron Pipes To Gpr Surveys Due To Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second experimental approach is being developed that involves the introduction of different concentrations of various iron solutions into clay samples; following sample creation GPR will be used to survey the sample. It is believed that the changes in conductivity of the soil surrounding the corroding metal results in the inability of the GPR to detect the pipe (Pennock et al, 2010) and it is hoped that this experimentation will provide insight into this phenomenon.…”

Section: Figure 5 Xrd Analysis Of (Left) English China Clay In Contamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pipeline Engineering in the Ground: The Impact of Ground Conditions on Pipeline Condition and Maintenance Operations

et al. 2011

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The ground in which utility service pipelines are buried inevitably controls, to a large degree, the structural performance and progressive deterioration of the pipelines themselves. In a parallel programme of research to the UK Mapping the Underworld (MTU) project, a study of the fundamental properties of the ground, and how they change with the seasons and local physical and chemical contexts, is being conducted at the University of Birmingham, UK. While the results of this study feed into both the operational protocols for the MTU multi-sensor location device and the associated knowledge based system (KBS) that is being created to aid its deployment (both topics being the subjects of separate papers to this conference), the suite of complementary research projects on the ground and its properties provide valuable insights to the pipeline engineer. Geophysics is being used by the research team to explore the state of the ground with the aim of highlighting areas of concern for the structural health of pipelines buried in the ground. Studies of cast iron pipeline corrosion mechanisms have focussed on the changes that the reaction products cause to the surrounding soils, with a particular emphasis on clay soils, and one interesting finding is that these clay-iron reaction products can make the pipelines 'invisible' to standard geophysical location devices. Moreover there are other features in the ground that are being targeted (voids, ground wetting and softening due to leakage, ground weakening due to progressive erosion), and these features effectively make the ground more or less 'visible' to geophysical technologies. Alongside this work, bespoke tests have been developed for use on site to 'calibrate' the geophysics, thereby enhancing the signatures of the features. This paper introduces these parallel research projects and draws out the important findings for pipeline engineers charged with establishing the condition of existing buried assets.

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