Effects of Japanese traditional herbal medicines (Kampo) on growth and virulence properties ofPorphyromonas gingivalisand viability of oral epithelial cells

Abstract

Results: Of the 27 Kampos tested, 7 were found to inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (250 mg/ml) was obtained with TJ-113. Analysis of the composition of the seven active Kampos showed that they contain Chinese rhubarb as a common ingredient. Therefore, additional growth inhibitory assays on P. gingivalis were carried out with purified anthraquinones known to be present in rhubarb. Aloe-emodin and rhein possessed the strongest antibacterial effects towards P. gingivalis with an MIC of 0.78 mg/ml. The seven Kampos containing rhubarb and purified anthraquinones also exhibited the capacity to decrease the adherence of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells and to reduce its proteinase activity. The most important anti-adherence effect of Kampo was obtained with TJ-126; at 250 mg/ml it reduced adherence of P. gingivalis to epithelial cells by 83%. Purified anthraquinones were found to be less active than Kampos. Kampo TJ-113 was found to be the most effective for inhibition of gelatin degradation (49% inhibition at 62.5 mg/ml). Again, purified anthraquinones inhibited gelatin degradation to a lesser extent. Lastly, none of the tested compounds showed cytotoxicity towards oral epithelial cells at the effective concentrations. Conclusion: Kampos containing rhubarb and its anthraquinone derivatives may represent promising molecules for controlling periodontal diseases through their capacity to inhibit P. gingivalis growth and virulence properties.

The differential expression of mgl mRNA by Porphyromonas gingivalis affects the production of methyl mercaptan

“…These effects mainly have biological effects against host cells. As clinical trials using antibiotics and CPC or oriental medicine have reported their bactericidal activities, halitosis may be ameliorated by the suppression of bacterial growth (Liao et al , ). However, the concentration used in this study did not show any antibacterial effects against Pg .…”

Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Rhubarb Water Extracts Inhibit Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation

“…These mainly comprise emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, and physcion (Lin et al, 2008; Wierzchacz et al, 2009). Rhein can impair the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis pathogenicity by intervening in the transcription of genes, these genes code important virulence factors which affect the bacterial proteolytic activity of the bacterium (Liao et al, 2013). Aloe-emodin can disrupt bacterial membranes by interposing between the two major phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol) (Liao et al, 2013) that are present in bacterial membranes.…”

Preventive Effect of Daiokanzoto (TJ-84) on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Human Gingival Cell Death through the Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

“…However, little research has been conducted on their potential beneficial effects on oral health. In a previous study, we investigated the effects of 27 Kampo formulations on the growth and virulence properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ), which is a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis and showed that Kampo formulations containing Rhubarb Rhizome (Daio), including Daiokanzoto (TJ-84), can decrease the growth of P. gingivalis and its adherence to oral epithelial cells, suggesting that they may have potential for preventing periodontal diseases [2]. Moreover, in vitro evidence has shown that some Kampo formulations can decrease inflammation and bacterial infections of oral mucosa.…”