Effects of kindling and irradiation on neuronal density in the rat dentate gyrus

Jenrow, Kenneth A.; Ratkewicz, Alexander; Lemke, Nancy; Kadiyala, Madhuri; Zalinski, Danielle N.; Burdette, David E.; Elisevich, Kost

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.036

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…EMF exposure also results in reduced numbers of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of 4-wk old rats [44]. Similar studies have reported the vulnerability of granule cells in the dentate gyrus to EMF [45]. These previous reports along with the findings of our study seem to indicate the deleterious effects of RF exposure on hippocampal formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency

Aryal

Maskey²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Exponential rise in the use of mobile communication devices has generated health concerns due to radiofrequency (RF) exposure due to its close proximity to the head. Calcium binding proteins like calretinin regulate the levels of calcium (Ca2+) which plays an important role in biological systems. Ginseng is known for maintaining equilibrium in the human body and may play a beneficial radioprotectant role against electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. In the present study, we evaluated the radioprotective effects of red ginseng (RG) extract in a mouse model. Calretinin (CR) expression was measured using a free-floating immunohistochemical method in the hippocampus of mice after 835 MHz EMF exposure for 5 h/d for 5 d at specific absorption rate=1.6 W/kg for the different experimental groups. The control animals were treated with NaCl while the experimental animals received 10 mg/kg ginseng, or 30 mg/kg; EMF exposed mice were also treated with NaCl, 10 mg/kg ginseng (E10), or 30 mg/kg (E30). Decreases in CR immunoreactivity (IR) along with loss of CA1 and CA3 interneurons and infragranular cells were observed in the ENaCl group while such losses were not observed in the E10 and E30 groups. CR IR significantly increased in the RG-treated group compared to control and EMF-exposed groups treated with NaCl. The study demonstrates that RG extract can serve as a radioprotective agent that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis and prevents neuronal loss in the brain hippocampal region caused by RF exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency

Aryal

Maskey²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…A review of the literature reveals that the focal antiepileptic mechanisms of radiations were extremely difficult -if not impossible -to investigate in rodent models of epilepsy because of the insufficient confinement of the dose provided by megavoltage clinical devices (Maesawa et al, 2000;Chen et al, 2001;Brisman et al, 2003;Jenrow et al, 2004). By contrast, IntMRT allowed the specific irradiation of discrete brain regions and the assessment of both the functional changes within the target, and the effect of its irradiation on seizure dynamics at the brain scale.…”

Section: Intmrt Reduces the Excitability And Synchronization Of S1cx mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X-ray interlaced microbeams suppress paroxysmal oscillations in neuronal networks initiating generalized epilepsy

Pouyatos

Serduc

Chipaux

et al. 2013

Neurobiology of Disease

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Radiotherapy has shown some efficacy for epilepsies but the insufficient confinement of the radiation dose to the pathological target reduces its indications. Synchrotron-generated X-rays overcome this limitation and allow the delivery of focalized radiation doses to discrete brain volumes via interlaced arrays of microbeams (IntMRT). Here, we used IntMRT to target brain structures involved in seizure generation in a rat model of absence epilepsy (GAERS). We addressed the issue of whether and how synchrotron radiotherapeutic treatment suppresses epileptic activities in neuronal networks. IntMRT was used to target the somatosensory cortex (S1Cx), a region involved in seizure generation in the GAERS. The antiepileptic mechanisms were investigated by recording multisite local-field potentials and the intracellular activity of irradiated S1Cx pyramidal neurons in vivo. MRI and histopathological images displayed precise and sharp dose deposition and revealed no impairment of surrounding tissues. Local-field potentials from behaving animals demonstrated a quasi-total abolition of epileptiform activities within the target. The irradiated S1Cx was unable to initiate seizures, whereas neighboring non-irradiated cortical and thalamic regions could still produce pathological oscillations. In vivo intracellular recordings showed that irradiated pyramidal neurons were strongly hyperpolarized and displayed a decreased excitability and a reduction of spontaneous synaptic activities. These functional alterations explain the suppression of large-scale synchronization within irradiated cortical networks. Our work provides the first post-irradiation electrophysiological recordings of individual neurons. Altogether, our data are a critical step towards understanding how X-ray radiation impacts neuronal physiology and epileptogenic processes.

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“…Jenrow et al [58] reported that the selective reduction of densities in the dentate granular cell layer and medial CA3 pyramidal cell layer was prevented or reversed in epileptic rats (kindling model) by irradiation at 25 Gy, but not at 18 Gy. These experimental studies tended to support the dose effect found in humans [59].…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Knife for Functional Diseases

Régis

2014

Neurotherapeutics

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Effects of kindling and irradiation on neuronal density in the rat dentate gyrus

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency

Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency

Synchrotron X-ray interlaced microbeams suppress paroxysmal oscillations in neuronal networks initiating generalized epilepsy

Gamma Knife for Functional Diseases

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