Effects of Kluyveromyces marxianus supplementation on immune responses, intestinal structure and microbiota in broiler chickens

Abstract

To investigate the effects of Kluyveromyces marxianus on immune responses, intestinal structure and microbiota in broilers, 840 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (eight replicates) and were fed basal diets without or with 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg of K. marxianus (2.0×1010 CFU/g). Serum and intestine samples were collected at 21 d of age. The results showed that increasing K. marxianus addition linearly reduced feed conversion ratio but linearly elevated relative thymus weight, as well as quadratically increased serum lysozyme and IgG levels, with the medium dose (1.0 g/kg) being the most effective. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum, ileal villus height and sucrase activity, as well as the mRNA expression of ileal mucin-2, claudin-1 and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 linearly responded to the increasing K. marxianus addition. Supplemental K. marxianus at low (0.5 g/kg), medium (1.5 g/kg) and high (2.5 g/kg) dose all decreased the abundance of phylum Cyanobacteria, increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus in ileum. The high dose of K. marxianus addition also reduced the abundance of order Rickettsiales and Pseudomonadales along with species Acinetobacter junii. Ileal bacterial communities between K. marxianus-treated and untreated groups formed distinctly different clusters. In summary, K. marxianus supplementation benefits feed efficiency and immune function, as well as intestinal structure in broilers, which might be attributed to the improved ileal microbial structure. Supplemental K. marxianus at high dose (2.5 g/kg) was more effective for feed efficiency and intestinal health of broilers, while the innate immunity was optimized at a medium dose (1.0 g/kg).

Dietary Supplementation of Mixed Yeast Culture Derived from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Kluyveromyces maxianus</i>: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Meat Quality, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health in Broilers

“…In accordance with our findings, Gheisari and Kholeghipour (2006) observed a significant increase in relative bursa weight in broilers fed ration containing powdery yeast compared to other treatments. Moreover, Wang et al (2017) reported that KM has a positive effect in broiler immune organs. However, some studies have reported that supplementation of YC did not influence carcass characteristics of broilers (Özsoy and Yalçin.…”

“…YC reportedly has the capability to increase villus height and intestinal surface area, thus improving nutrients absorption and, as a consequence, digestibility in broilers (Adebiyi et al, 2012). Accordingly, Wang et al (2017) reported that KM supplementation improves the intestinal structure in broilers. A combination of these factors likely caused higher DM digestibility in MYC-fed broilers in the present study.…”

“…Gao et al (2009) reported that SC affects various pathogens present in the intestinal tract of broilers. Kluyveromyces maxianus (KM), the species was transferred to the genus Kluyveromyces by van der Walt in 1956 (Fonseca et al, 2008), has been recently approved by the Chinese Ministry of Health and European Union as a food-grade probiotic (Wang et al, 2017). Commercial production of this species has gained increased attention because it has a higher growth rate, more active metabolic functions, and higher mannan content in the cell wall than SC (Lane and Morrissey, 2010;Lane et al, 2011).…”

“…Hooge et al (2003) and Stanley et al (2004) confirmed that YC has potential as an alternative to antibiotic-based drugs in broiler feed. Multiple other studies have reported the beneficial effects of feed supplementation with YC as a growth promoter that improves growth performance (Bai et al, 2013), feed efficiency (Al-Mansour et al, 2011), blood parameters (Xiao et al, 2013), meat quality (Zhang et al, 2005), immune function (Wang et al, 2017), and intestinal microflora (Guo et al, 2017) in broilers. However, Madriqal et al (1993) failed to observe a positive effect of feeding YC on the body weight (BW) of broilers.…”

16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals an altered composition of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus

“…Based on these investigations, in our study, we selected primers targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ The complete intestinal structure is essential for digestive and absorptive functions which are intimately associated with the morphological transformations in villus length and crypt depth 36,37 . In the current study, NIBV infection increased the crypt depth and lowered the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum compared to those in the INC group.…”