Effects of lactulose on blood ammonia levels in beagles with end-to-side portacaval shunt.

Matsuoka, Yuka; Uruno, Takashi; Yamada, Motohiro; Mizukami, Akira; Kanetake, Y; Sunagane, N; Kubota, Kousuke

doi:10.1254/fpj.96.3_97

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition, cats fed BP, SBH, and NF diets had a similar fecal pH, ranging from 5.5 to 5.7, whereas a greater fecal pH (6.0) was observed in cats fed the CL diet. Lower fecal pH (5.9) has been reported to reduce the resorption of ammonia in dogs, causing a faulty greater fecal ammonia concentration (Matsuoka et al, 1990). This is in agreement with our data as BP, SBH, and NF diets had an observed lower pH and numerically higher fecal ammonia concentrations when compared with cats fed CL.…”

Section: Fecal Fermentative End Products and Serum Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 92%

Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites

Detweiler

Mangian

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Dietary fibers have gained renewed interest in companion animal nutrition as a means to manage pet obesity and improve gut and host health. Soybean hulls (SBH), a coproduct of the soybean oil extraction process, is an accessible and economical fiber source. However, limited research is available on the use of SBH in feline nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high SBH inclusion level on daily food intake, apparent total tract (ATT) macronutrient digestibility, fecal quality, and fecal fermentative end products in diets of adult cats. Four diets were formulated with either SBH, beet pulp (BP), or cellulose (CL) as the main source of dietary fiber, with the control diet formulated with no added fiber (NF). The fiber treatments were formulated to achieve approximately 15% total dietary fiber (TDF). Eight adult male cats (mean age = 10.5 yr ± 0.1; mean BW = 6.1 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 14 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collections. Food was offered twice daily and cats were fed to maintain BW. Food intake on a DM basis (DMB) was lower (P < 0.05) in cats fed BP (55.2 g/d) when compared with SBH (70.8 g/d). As-is fecal output did not differ in cats fed BP or SBH, and when expressed on a DMB, fecal output did not differ among fiber treatments. The ATT digestibility of DM, OM, and GE was greater (P < 0.05) in cats fed NF when compared with those fed BP, CL, or SBH. Cats fed CL had the greatest (P < 0.05) ATT CP digestibility (88.5%), followed by cats fed NF (84.9) and SBH (81.7%) with the lowest values (77%) noted for cats fed BP. Acid-hydrolyzed fat (AHF) digestibility was greater for cats fed CL (92.9%) than for cats fed BP (86.9%) and SBH (88.6%). The TDF ATT digestibility was lowest for cats fed NF and CL (8.5% and 15.1%, respectively), followed by SBH (18.0%), with BP having the highest digestibility (33.7%). Total short-chain fatty acid concentration was greatest (P < 0.05) in cats fed BP (699.7 μmole/g) when compared with the other 3 treatments, whereas phenol and indole concentrations did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, a high inclusion level (15% TDF) of SBH appears acceptable in diets for adult cats, resulting in no negative effects on daily food intake, fecal scores, and similar ATT digestibility for most macronutrients when compared with BP and CL.

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Section: Fecal Fermentative End Products and Serum Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 92%

Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites

Detweiler

Mangian

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The highest concentrations of ammonia were observed in dogs fed the NF and SBH treatments (152.2 and 147.8 μmol/g), and lowest (103.9 μmol/g) for dogs fed BP, whereas dogs fed the CL treatment had similar ammonia concentration (129.3 μmol/g) when compared with all other treatments. BP and SBH had the lowest fecal pH, which has been seen to reduce the resorption of ammonia (Matsuoka et al, 1990). Phenols, indoles, ammonia, and BCFA are putrefactive compounds that result from bacterial fermentation in the hindgut and causes foul-smelling feces, which can be an unappealing quality to a diet from the pet owner's standpoint (Miner and Hazen, 1969;O'Neill and Phillips, 1992).…”

Section: Fecal Fermentative End-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high inclusion of soybean hulls on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal quality, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations in extruded diets of adult dogs

Detweiler

Mangian

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Soybean hulls (SBH) are a fiber-rich co-product of the soybean oil extraction process that corresponds to 8% of the soybean seed. Despite being readily available and priced competitively, SBH are underutilized in monogastric nutrition. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate SBH as a dietary fiber in canine diets. Four diets were formulated with either SBH, beet pulp (BP), or cellulose (CL) as the main source of dietary fiber (15% total dietary fiber [TDF]), with the control diet formulated with no supplemental fiber (NF). Animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Eight adult female Beagle (mean age = 4.6 ± 0.6 yr; mean BW = 12.8 ± 1.7 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 14 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collections. At the end of each period, a blood sample was collected and analyzed for serum chemistry. Food was offered twice daily and fed to maintain body weight. Food intake (g/d) on a dry matter basis (DMB) did not differ among treatments. Fecal score was lower (P < 0.05) for dogs fed CL (2.0) in contrast with other dietary treatments (2.3), using a 5-point scale (1 = hard, dry pellets; 5 = diarrhea). Fecal as-is and DM output did not differ for dogs fed BP, CL, or SBH, and were approximately 50% greater (P < 0.05) than dogs fed NF. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy were greater (P < 0.05) for dogs fed NF when compared with dogs fed BP, CL, or SBH. Dogs fed CL had greater (P < 0.05) AHF ATTD (94%) compared with all other treatments (mean = 91%). Dogs fed CL and NF had greater (P < 0.05) CP ATTD, 87% and 86%, respectively, while dogs fed SBH were intermediate (83%) and dogs fed BP were lowest (79%). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration was greatest in dogs fed BP (582.5 μmol/g) and SBH (479.7 μmol/g) when compared with NF and CL (267.0 and 251.1 μmol/g, respectively). Serum metabolites were within-reference ranges and dogs remained healthy throughout the study. In conclusion, SBH resulted in similar macronutrient ATTD when compared with BP and CL. Dogs fed SBH were also observed to have an increase in fecal SCFA concentration. In general, high level addition of SBH were well-utilized by the dog, resulting in no untoward effects on dog health, nutrient digestibility, or fecal characteristics.

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Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Human Health

Wells

Mishra

Yadav

2022

Metabolism of Nutrients by Gut Microbiota

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Emerging research has revealed that the gut microbiome contributes to several human diseases, therefore development of effective gut microbiome modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics and their combination (synbiotics) is critically needed. In this chapter, we summarize the definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics and evidence of their effects on host health and specific disease processes in humans. We describe the role of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in specific intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal illnesses including: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, type 2 diabetes, Helicobacter pylori gastritis and hepatic encephalopathy. The illnesses selected for review were based on the availability of robust data regarding usage of these bioactive supplements under appropriate clinical conditions. We primarily reviewed the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiome, host health, and disease pathology.

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Effects of lactulose on blood ammonia levels in beagles with end-to-side portacaval shunt.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites

Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites

Effects of high inclusion of soybean hulls on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, fecal quality, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations in extruded diets of adult dogs

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Human Health

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