Effects of Land Reclamation on a Subterranean Estuary

Abstract

Currently, over 40% of the global population lives within 100 km from the coastlines (Martínez et al., 2007). The intense human activities have increased the amount of land-sourced dissolved chemicals (e.g., metals, nutrients, carbon and organic compounds) discharging into the oceans. Traditionally, surface water flowing through rivers and estuaries was thought to be the main carrier of these chemicals. However, the field measurements of Moore (1996) showed that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in South Atlantic Bight was about 40% of the river water flux. While in the upper Atlantic Ocean, SGD even reached 80% ∼ 160% of the amount of discharging freshwater from rivers (Moore et al., 2008). Therefore, SGD is now recognized as another important pathway for terrestrially derived chemicals to cross the land-ocean interface (

Variable-density solute transport in unconfined coastal aquifers with a subsurface dam

“…where r 0 is the freshwater density [ML -3 ]; l i is the change rate [-] of fluid density as a function of the concentration of species i. In this study, there were two species (NS = 2): a solute in the saltwater and a land-sourced variable-density solute, of which the change rates were both set to 0.7143 (Shen et al, 2022).…”

“…Currently, over one-third of the global population resides within 100 km of coastlines, leading to increased discharge of land-sourced solutes (e.g., nutrients and organic matter) into the ocean due to high population density (Shen et al, 2022). Coastal aquifers play a vital role as a pathway for land-sourced solutes to enter the sea, and the hydrodynamic processes within the aquifer significantly influence the migration characteristics of these solutes, thereby impacting the water ecology and environment of the nearshore sea (Morales-Ojeda et al, 2010).…”

The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle

“…The combination of in-situ hydrological parameter observation and numerical simulation is one of the main methods for exploring hydrological processes and pore water salinity distribution in tidal flats and salt marshes (Xiao et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2021Fang et al, , 2022Shen et al, 2022;Shen et al, 2023;Zheng et al, 2023). However, the above research methods can not accurately depict the groundwater salinity distribution at different tidal times in complex stratigraphic environments with high resolution.…”