Effects of late evening snack on diurnal plasma glucose profile in patients with chronic viral liver disease

Abstract

Improvements in plasma glucose levels were seen with four meals per day, including a LES, in viral chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis.

Guidelines on nutritional management in Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis from the perspective of preventing hepatocellular carcinoma

“…THE FOLLOWING FINDINGS were obtained: (i) approximately 30% of patients with LC are overweight (body mass index >25), with the incidence being higher in male LC patients due to NASH and alcohol; (ii) only 30% of LC patients have adequate dietary intake for both energy and protein; (iii) iron intake (mean value, 6.7 mg/day) does not differ among CLD patients; (iv) percent arm circumference, percent arm muscle circumference, and serum concentrations of free fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and soluble TNF receptors are significantly correlated with npRQ; 27–29 (v) serum non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) determined by a newly developed high‐performance liquid chromatography system is elevated in LC patients, 30,31 although further study is necessary to clarify whether serum NTBI levels are associated with the development of HCC; (vi) plasma amino acid imbalance is closely associated with the numbers and functions of peripheral dendritic cells; 32 (vii) long‐term zinc supplementation therapy in LC patients tends to decrease HCC occurrence; (viii) LES and administration of α‐glucosidase inhibitor improve impaired glucose tolerance; 33–35 (ix) supplementation of BCAA granules and BCAA‐enriched nutrients improve liver function and energy metabolism; 36,37 and (x) supplementation of BCAA granules inhibits carcinogenesis in a mouse model of NASH, possibly via improvement of insulin resistance 38 …”

Late Evening Snack, Branched Chain Amino Acids, and Cirrhosis

“…Suzuki et al [ 26 ] studied blood glucose levels in 47 patients with chronic viral liver failure using a three-meal-a-day diet (the day before starting the LES regimen) and a four-meal-a-day diet including LES. Blood glucose levels were reduced 2 h before and after the evening meal as well as 2 h after breakfast, before lunch, and before evening meals, especially in patients with cirrhosis, with significant decreases in the mean and the highest blood glucose levels.…”