Effects of lead(II) on the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and colony formation of cultured Microcystis aeruginosa

Bi, Xiangdong; Zhang, Shulin; Dai, Wei; Xing, Ke-zhing; Yang, Fan

doi:10.2166/wst.2012.632

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…High concentrations of metals, such as calcium (Wang et al, ) and lead (Bi et al, ) also induced colony formation, with colonies reaching up to 130 µm in diameter. When exposed to heavy metals, cells increased the secretion of EPs to precipitate the metal ions; the aggregation of EPs on the cell surface increased in response to these active cations.…”

Section: Colony Formation In Microcystismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bi et al . () added four different concentrations of Pb 2+ to unicellular Microcystis , and found the proportion of cells that formed colonies increased with increasing Pb 2+ concentration. M. aeruginosa colonies were also demonstrated to be less growth‐inhibited by chloromycetin, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) hull treatments than unicellular cells (Li, Nkrumah & Peng, ; Park et al, ).…”

Section: Benefits and Costs Of Colony Formation In Microcystismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

2018

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Morphological evolution from a unicellular to multicellular state provides greater opportunities for organisms to attain larger and more complex living forms. As the most common freshwater cyanobacterial genus, Microcystis is a unicellular microorganism, with high phenotypic plasticity, which forms colonies and blooms in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. We conducted a systematic review of field studies from the 1990s to 2017 where Microcystis was dominant. Microcystis was detected as the dominant genus in waterbodies from temperate to subtropical and tropical zones. Unicellular Microcystis spp. can be induced to form colonies by adjusting biotic and abiotic factors in laboratory. Colony formation by cell division has been induced by zooplankton filtrate, high Pb concentration, the presence of another cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii), heterotrophic bacteria, and by low temperature and light intensity. Colony formation by cell adhesion can be induced by zooplankton grazing, high Ca concentration, and microcystins. We hypothesise that single cells of all Microcystis morphospecies initially form colonies with a similar morphology to those found in the early spring. These colonies gradually change their morphology to that of M. ichthyoblabe, M. wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa with changing environmental conditions. Colony formation provides Microcystis with many ecological advantages, including adaption to varying light, sustained growth under poor nutrient supply, protection from chemical stressors and protection from grazing. These benefits represent passive tactics responding to environmental stress. Microcystis colonies form at the cost of decreased specific growth rates compared with a unicellular habit. Large colony size allows Microcystis to attain rapid floating velocities (maximum recorded for a single colony, ∼ 10.08 m h ) that enable them to develop and maintain a large biomass near the surface of eutrophic lakes, where they may shade and inhibit the growth of less-buoyant species in deeper layers. Over time, accompanying species may fail to maintain viable populations, allowing Microcystis to dominate. Microcystis blooms can be controlled by artificial mixing. Microcystis colonies and non-buoyant phytoplankton will be exposed to identical light conditions if they are evenly distributed over the water column. In that case, green algae and diatoms, which generally have a higher growth rate than Microcystis, will be more successful. Under such mixing conditions, other phytoplankton taxa could recover and the dominance of Microcystis would be reduced. This review advances our understanding of the factors and mechanisms affecting Microcystis colony formation and size in the field and laboratory through synthesis of current knowledge. The main transition pathways of morphological changes in Microcystis provide an example of the phenotypic plasticity of organisms during morphological evolution from a unicellular to multicellular state. We emphasise that the mechanisms and factors influencing competiti...

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Section: Colony Formation In Microcystismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefits and Costs Of Colony Formation In Microcystismentioning

confidence: 99%

Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

2018

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“…Among these are suboptimal calcium concentration (Wang et al 2011), nutrients (Yang and Kong 2013;Ma et al 2014), temperature (Li et al 2013b), light intensity , and the presence of heavy metals (Bi et al 2013). In addition, biotic and abiotic factors could combine to enhance the effect (Wang et al 2010a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in extracellular polysaccharide content and colony formation of Microcystis spp. cultured under different light intensities and temperatures

Zhu

Xiao

et al. 2015

J Appl Phycol

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Single cells of five different Microcystis species (M. ichthyoblabe, M. viridis, M. flos-aquae, M. wesenbergii, and M. aeruginosa) were batch-cultured at different temperatures and light intensities: (a) 25°C and 50 μmol photons m −2 s −1 (control culture); (b) 25°C and 10 μmol p h o t o n s m − 2 s − 1 ; a n d ( c ) 1 5°C a n d 5 0 μ m o l photons m −2 s −1 . The extracellular polysaccharide content was significantly higher in treatments b and c than in the control treatment. All Microcystis species existed as single cells under the control treatment but formed colonies in treatments b and c. All of the colonies were irregular with indistinct margins. M. ichthyoblabe, M. viridis, M. flos-aquae, and M. wesenbergii formed colonies with similar morphologies and their cells were loosely aggregated. In contrast, M. aeruginosa formed denser colonies with no distinct holes.The colony morphologies differed from the classic morphology of M. ichthyoblabe field-grown colonies but resembled that of small colonies found in Lake Taihu (Yangtze Delta Plain, China) during early spring. This indicates that fieldand laboratory-grown colonies are governed by similar formation processes. We suggest that in laboratory and field environments, M. ichthyoblabe (or M. flos-aquae) colonies are representative of small colonies formed from single Microcystis cells, whereas the morphology of older colonies evolves to resemble M. wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa colonies.

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“…Although it was reported recently that some abiotic factors seemed to affect Microcystis colony size (Bi et al 2013;Li et al 2013;Yang and Kong 2013), the effects of environmental factors on colony size of Microcystis were still unclear, especially the effects of wind. In this study, 14 sampling sites were set in Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay to analyze spatial variation of Microcystis colony sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a laser particle analyzer to demonstrate relationships between wind strength andMicrocystiscolony size distribution in Lake Taihu, China

Lin

Appiah-Sefah

2014

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Cell density and colony size distribution of Microcystis spp. at 14 sites in Meiliang Bay and Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, China, were determined using a laser particle analyzer. Cell density increased from 1 July to 18 August 2010 and exceeded 20 £ 10 7 cells L ¡1 on 15 July and 18 August. The maximum D 50 (the particle size value when the percentage volumes are 50%) of Microcystis colonies (524 mm) occurred on 1 September. The differences in D 50 values in different areas were not significant most of the time. However, the differences in colony size distribution in different areas were mostly significant. It was also found that colony size distribution of samples with similar D 50 values differed significantly with each other. These results suggested that a mean value (such as D 50 and mean colony diameter) would not reveal complete information on Microcystis colony size under natural conditions. Our study also revealed that spatial variation was caused by wind-driven transport when wind speed was lower but by disaggregation induced by wind shear when the wind was strong enough.

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Effects of lead(II) on the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and colony formation of cultured Microcystis aeruginosa

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

Interspecific variation in extracellular polysaccharide content and colony formation of Microcystis spp. cultured under different light intensities and temperatures

Using a laser particle analyzer to demonstrate relationships between wind strength andMicrocystiscolony size distribution in Lake Taihu, China

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