Effects of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Starvation on Glycerolipid, Glycerophospholipid, and Carotenoid Composition in Dunaliella tertiolecta Culture

Kim, So-Hyun; Liu, Kwang-Hyeon; Lee, Seok-Young; Hong, Seong-Joo; Cho, Byung-Kwan; Lee, Hookeun; Lee, Choul-Gyun; Choi, Hae-Jin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072415

Cited by 61 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Similar to chlorophyll, carotenoid levels were lower in the N-and NPstarved group; this suggests that it is the availability of nitrogen that affects the level of carotenoids in the cell. As observed here, many other studies have shown lower carotenoid levels under nitrogen limitation (Li et al 2012;Kim et al 2013). However, the chlorophyll/carotenoids ratio was higher in the N-and NP-starved groups; this is consistent with most of the nitrogen limitation studies with algae (Berges et al 1996;Masojídek et al 2000;Pirastru et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Also, the light intensity used in our experiment (60 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) was not high enough to induce higher photoprotective carotenoid production (Sagar and Briggs 1990;Vidhyavathi et al 2008;Couso et al 2012). Kim et al (2013) clearly showed that higher light intensities accompanied by N limitation usually lead to higher carotenoid levels, whereas lower light intensities with N limitation caused a decrease in total carotenoid levels. The observed increase in carotenoids/chlorophyll a ratio may be due to the large decrease in chlorophyll a levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on the physiology of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2015

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The importance of algae-derived biofuels has been highlighted by the current problems associated with fossil fuels. Considerable past research has shown that limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus increases the cellular lipid content in microalgae. However, limiting the supply of nutrients results in decreased biomass, which in turn decreases the overall lipid productivity of cultures. Therefore, nutrient limitation has been a subject of dispute as to whether it will benefit biofuel production on an industrial scale. Our research explores the physiological changes a cell undergoes when exposed to nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, both individually and in combination, and also examines the biotechnological aspects of manipulating N and P in order to increase cellular lipids, by analyzing the lipid production. We show that nitrogen starvation and also nitrogen plus phosphorus starvation combined have a more profound effect on the physiology and macromolecular pools of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii than does phosphorus starvation alone. The photosynthetic performance of C. reinhardtii underwent drastic changes under nitrogen starvation, but remained relatively unaffected under phosphorus starvation. The neutral lipid concentration per cell was at least 2.4-fold higher in all the nutrient-starved groups than the nutrient-replete controls, but the protein level per cell was lower in the nitrogen-starved groups. Overall, nitrogen starvation has a more dramatic effect on the physiology and neutral lipids and protein levels of C. reinhardtii than phosphorus starvation. However, the level of total lipids per volume of culture obtained was similar among nutrient-replete and all of the nutrient-starved groups. We conclude that combined nitrogen and phosphorus starvation does not likely benefit biofuel production in terms of enhanced lipid or biomass production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on the physiology of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2015

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“…Detail analysis of carotenoids profile using LC-MS revealed that the major carotenoids are lutein, β -carotene, and α -carotene in the D. salina CCAP 19/20 strain. The data of this study is in agreement with previous reports, where lutein was identified as one of the major carotenoids in D. salina [33] and in D. tertiolecta [34]. However, D. salina is mainly known for its highest β -carotene content [6, 35] and a relatively low amount of α -carotene in certain D. salina strains under specific growth temperatures [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Carotenogenic Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/20 Produces Enhanced Levels of Carotenoid under Specific Nutrients Limitation

Saha

Kazipet

Murray

2018

BioMed Research International

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Dunaliella salina is the popular microalga for β-carotene production. There is still a growing demand for the best strain identification and growth conditions optimization for maximum carotenoids production. Some strains are noncarotenogenic while other strains may respond differently to applied growth conditions and produce enhanced carotenoid levels. This study tested the carotenogenic ability of Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/20 under sixteen stress conditions and certain biochemical changes in response to specific stress were investigated. This study identified the above strain as carotenogenic, which produces maximum carotenoids under high light (240 μmol photons m−2 sec−1) when combined nitrogen and micronutrients (Cu or CuMn) were limited. Based on the intensity of extracted ions chromatograms, lutein (m/z 568.4357) appears as the major carotenoid followed by β-carotene (m/z 536.4446) and α-carotene (m/z 536.4435). A polypeptide of 28.3 kDa appeared while another polypeptide of 25.5 kDa disappeared in stress cells as compared to noncarotenogenic cells. Expression levels of antioxidative-enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1, H2O2-resistant) remained identical, while the prominent H2O2-sensitive isoforms SOD2 and SOD3 were downregulated during carotenogenic conditions. Overall, increased carotenoids levels might be due to the response of differential expression of specific polypeptides and retention of H2O2-resistant SOD, which eventually might help the organism to thrive in the tested stress conditions.

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“…12,15 Nevertheless, sulfur, iron and manganese are considered as major macro-and micronutrients which play a critical role during β-carotene biosynthesis in different metabolic pathways. Also their exact contribution in D. salina growth and β-carotene process has not been studied yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfur, Iron and Manganese Starvation on Growth, β-carotene Production and Lipid Profile of Dunaliella salina

Shaker¹,

Morowvat²,

Ghasemi³

2017

JYP

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Objective: Microalgal pharmaceutical biotechnology is mainly dependent on the biomass yield and also the final concentration of the obtained lipids. β-carotene is one of the most precious nutraceuticals, of both preventive and therapeutics importance in pharmacy and medicine. Dunaliella salina is known as famous β-carotene producer which could accumulate the β-carotene up to 10% of its dry cell weights. The amount of different macro and micronutrients in D. salina culture medium defines its productivity and β-carotene content. Methods: In this study, the effects of sulfur, iron and manganese deprivation, on cell growth and β-carotene biosynthesis in a naturally isolated strain of D. salina was examined. Besides, the fatty acid profile of the naturally isolated strain was also investigated. Results: Sulfur, iron and manganese deprivation caused a noticeable decrease in the cell growth of D. salina. On the other hand, in nutrient depleted media, the maximum β-carotene concentration was significantly improved (14.616 mg L-1 in sulfur starvation, 14.994 mg L-1 in iron starvation and 10.119 mg L-1 in manganese starvation media) compared with initial values (6.753 mg L-1) in basic culture medium. The obtained fatty acids from the studied microalgal strain found to be some important saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Owing to its significant growth rate, β-carotene contents and fatty acid profile; the naturally isolated microalgal strain could be exploited as a potential producer strain. Besides, the nutrient limitation strategy could be effectively employed to improve the β-carotene production procedure in D. salina. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Effects of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Starvation on Glycerolipid, Glycerophospholipid, and Carotenoid Composition in Dunaliella tertiolecta Culture

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on the physiology of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on the physiology of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The Carotenogenic Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/20 Produces Enhanced Levels of Carotenoid under Specific Nutrients Limitation

Effects of Sulfur, Iron and Manganese Starvation on Growth, β-carotene Production and Lipid Profile of Dunaliella salina

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