Effects of light source and intensity on sexual maturation, growth and swimming behaviour of Atlantic salmon in sea cages

Hansen, Tom; Fjelldal, Per Gunnar; Folkedal, Ole; Vågseth, Tone; Oppedal, Frode

doi:10.3354/aei00224

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Results of the study demonstrated that using an artificially prolonged photoperiod improved growth and retarded the sexual maturation of brook trout. Changes in growth rate are consistent with earlier studies showing that continuous artificial light has a growth‐promoting effect on salmonids (Hansen, Fjelldal, Folkedal, Vagseth, & Oppedal, ; Önder et al, ; Taylor, Migaud, Porter, & Bromage, ).The growth stimulation has not been shown affected by an increase in the feeding period, but by increase of daylight hours per se (Taylor, North, Porter, Bromage, & Migaud, ). Randall, North, Futter, Porter, and Bromage () also reported growth‐enhancing effects of continuous artificial lighting in rainbow trout without additional feed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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The effect of timing of extended photoperiod on growth and maturity of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )

et al. 2019

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The influence of timing of extended photoperiods on growth and maturity of brook trout was investigated in a 112‐day experiment. The fish with mean initial weight of ~192 g were reared under four light regimes: one control group with natural ambient photoperiod and three groups exposed to an 18L:6D regime initiated at days 1, 23 or 46 of the growth trial. Light‐emitting diodes, with intensity of 250–1000 lux, depending on the distance from the light source, were used for extending light periods. There was a positive effect of prolonged day length on fish growth (p < 0.05), and a delay in gonad development and sexual maturity. Significantly higher numbers of sexually mature fish were found among controls groups, regardless of sex. Survival rate was not affected by light regime. This study demonstrated that the short‐term expansion of the photo period delayed maturation and increased the growth rate of brook trout.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of timing of extended photoperiod on growth and maturity of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )

et al. 2019

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“…Slack current conditions of 4 cm s -1 , on the other hand, resulted in higher lipid content in the muscle compared to post-smolt kept at moderate currents of 18 cm s -1 (Solstorm et al 2015). Nevertheless, this may not be relevant for salmon in commercial cages where salmon frequently display daytime schooling with swimming speeds of > 0.5 fish length s −1 (Oppedal et al 2011, Hansen et al 2017). Atlantic salmon have been observed to sustain 80% of U crit for at least 4 h (Hvas & Oppedal 2017).…”

Section: Classification and Site Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Fish welfare based classification method of ocean current speeds at aquaculture sites

Jónsdóttir¹,

Hvas²,

Alfredsen³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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A major trend in marine aquaculture is to move production to more exposed sites with occasionally rough ocean current events. However, it is unclear whether fish will thrive in these extreme environments, since thorough descriptions of ambient current conditions with regards to fish welfare is lacking. In the present study, ocean current data were collected using acoustic Doppler current profilers at 5 exposed sites along the Norwegian coast over minimum periods of 5 mo. To evaluate welfare risks, current data was compared to known limits of swimming capabilities, such as onset of behavioural changes and critical swimming speeds (U crit ), of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus. Specifically, at each site, current speeds were classified into 6 categories based on expected impact on swimming behaviours of Atlantic salmon, and duration of currents within each category were inspected using a homogeneous and non-homogeneous criterion for the water column. Current speeds were then compared with projected U crit at relevant temperatures and fish sizes of Atlantic salmon and lumpfish. Furthermore, a detailed characterization of extreme events at the most exposed site was performed. Of the 5 locations, only 1 exceeded the U crit of Atlantic salmon, while all sites featured currents above U crit of lumpfish for up to 33 h at a time. These results suggest that responsible Atlantic salmon farming is possible at sites considered exposed, while lumpfish should be restricted to more sheltered environments. The presented method can be applied for other aquaculture fish species if adequate data are available.

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“…In Norway, sea temperatures generally start to rise in March and decrease in August, which somewhat lags behind photoperiod, whereby the minimum is in December and maximum in June. Photoperiod is a strong regulator of swimming behavior, growth and sexual maturation in the host fish (Taranger et al 2010, Hansen et al 2017. While a few studies have explored the effect of light on hatching, swimming behavior and infection success in salmon lice (Boxaspen & Naess 2000, Flamarique et al 2000, Browman et al 2004, little is known about the effects of photoperiod on development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis parasitic stages in temperatures ranging from 3 to 24°C

Hamre¹,

Bui²,

Oppedal³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The development rate of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is greatly influenced by seawater temperature. This study describes how the growth rate of L. salmonis changes with temperature and identifies the extreme high and low temperatures at which development to the adult stage is compromised. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were infected with copepodids and development was monitored in 8 temperature groups spanning 3 to 24°C until the lice were adults. Development was severely compromised at 3 and 24°C, while the lice developed normally in the temperature range from 6 to 21°C. At 6°C, most female lice had become adults at 72 d post infection (432 degree-days). At 21°C, development was significantly faster and most females were adults after 13 d, at only 271 degree-days. After infection, lice grew through 5 stages before reaching the adult stage, all of which, with a few exceptions, appeared to last approximately equally long. Thus, a simple model describing the mean daily growth rate (stages per day) as a function of temperature was made for each sex. The relationship between mean daily growth rate and temperature was best described by a second-order polynomial. The term relative age is introduced and used to describe the pattern of development in terms of percent of total development time to the adult stage. This was applied to calculate the timing of developmental events as a function of temperature. Photoperiod and development under rising or decreasing temperatures had minor effects on development rate.

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Effects of light source and intensity on sexual maturation, growth and swimming behaviour of Atlantic salmon in sea cages

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

The effect of timing of extended photoperiod on growth and maturity of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )

The effect of timing of extended photoperiod on growth and maturity of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )

Fish welfare based classification method of ocean current speeds at aquaculture sites

Development of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis parasitic stages in temperatures ranging from 3 to 24°C

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