Effects of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oils on the honey bees, Apis mellifera (Apidae: Hymenoptera), foraging

Abstract

The use of plant essential oils has been adopted as less hazardous to the environment and human health than synthetic insecticides used for the control of insects that transmit diseases. Despite of exerting insecticidal activities against several insect disease vectors, the potential impacts on non-target organisms exerted by essential oils extracted from Lippia sidoides (Cham.) have not received adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and potential changes in consumption rates of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.), when exposed to essential oils extracted from L. sidoides. Was exposed forager bees to honey syrup (50% v/v) containing L. sidoides essential oil for 5 h. After this exposure period, the bees received regular honey syrup for another 19 h period. Six essential oil concentrations was used, namely 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 µL of essential oil/mL of syrup, and evaluated the syrup consumption and bees mortality in both periods (at the 5th and 24th h). The results reveal that independent of the essential oil concentration, the forager bees fed significantly less on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup. However, feeding on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup did not cause significant mortality when compared with bees that were not exposed to the essential oils. Thus, the results demonstrate that L. sidoides essential oils exhibited adequate selectivity against honey bees.

Role of ABC Proteins in Secondary Metabolism and Immune (= Defensive) Response in Seaweeds

“…Accordingly, the oxidation of fatty acids, was among the up-regulated pathways in L. dendroidea as a response to pathogenic bacteria, possibly providing alternative sources of energy during biotic stress [11]. The ABCF subfamily comprises soluble proteins with unknown functions, even in plants.…”

“…The supernatant was discarded, and the pellet was resuspended in sterile seawater. Vibrio madracius is associated with bleached coral and induces the up-regulation of genes related to defense responses in L. dendroidea, including the biosynthesis of terpenes [11,27].…”

“…MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions, or products referred to in the content. bacteria [11]. Nevertheless, although L. dendroidea has been developing as a model study for seaweed chemical defense [6][7][8][9], the transport systems involved in the accumulation of specialized metabolites inside CC remain unknown.…”

Are glyphosate and fipronil a threat to bees? Integrative literature review

“…O estado do Tocantins é considerado uma das últimas fronteiras agrícolas do Brasil, respondendo por 44% da produção de grãos da região Norte do Brasil de acordo com o IBGE (2018). Esta intensa atividade agrícola leva ao uso de pesticidas, cujo impacto nos polinizadores, em especial A. mellifera, carece de ser estudado (PINHEIRO et al 2019;TSCHOEKE et al 2019).…”

The Use of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Against Bee Diseases and Pests

“…Recently, organic acids and essential oils are among the natural treatment methods for fighting against diseases in beekeeping. The most important point to note is that although the methods used are considered as natural ingredients, the usage doses should not be exceeded (Glavan, Novak, Božič, & Kokalj, 2020;Pinheiro et al, 2019;Porrini et al, 2017). In general, beekeepers use essential oils as an alternative to synthetic drugs for rotational purposes and also to prevent residues in bee products.…”