Effects of lockdown on human sleep and chronotype during the COVID-19 pandemic

Leone, María Juliana; Sigman, Mariano; Golombék, Diego A.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.015

Cited by 217 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most important outcome of the GCCS study for circadian/sleep and public health research is the obtained robust gain in sleep duration inSR compared to preSR, accompanied by a substantial reduction of SJL. These benefits were achieved without major negative changes in sleep quality, in line with the parallel findings by Leone et al 33 . Our findings are also in line with the results of several smaller scale studies of the impact of COVID-19 mandated SR during spring 2020 on sleep and circadian behavior 34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

COVID-19-mandated social restrictions unveil the impact of social time pressure on sleep and body clock

Korman

Tkachev²,

Reis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

131

120

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In humans, sleep regulation is tightly linked to social times that assign local time to events, such as school, work, or meals. The impact of these social times, collectively—social time pressure, on sleep has been studied epidemiologically via quantification of the discrepancy between sleep times on workdays and those on work-free days. This discrepancy is known as the social jetlag (SJL). COVID-19-mandated social restrictions (SR) constituted a global intervention by affecting social times worldwide. We launched a Global Chrono Corona Survey (GCCS) that queried sleep–wake times before and during SR (preSR and inSR). 11,431 adults from 40 countries responded between April 4 and May 6, 2020. The final sample consisted of 7517 respondents (68.2% females), who had been 32.7 ± 9.1 (mean ± sd) days under SR. SR led to robust changes: mid-sleep time on workdays and free days was delayed by 50 and 22 min, respectively; sleep duration increased on workdays by 26 min but shortened by 9 min on free days; SJL decreased by ~ 30 min. On workdays inSR, sleep–wake times in most people approached those of their preSR free days. Changes in sleep duration and SJL correlated with inSR-use of alarm clocks and were larger in young adults. The data indicate a massive sleep deficit under pre-pandemic social time pressure, provide insights to the actual sleep need of different age-groups and suggest that tolerable SJL is about 20 min. Relaxed social time pressure promotes more sleep, smaller SJL and reduced use of alarm clocks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

COVID-19-mandated social restrictions unveil the impact of social time pressure on sleep and body clock

Korman

Tkachev²,

Reis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

131

120

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“…12 Sleeping patterns (another risk factor) have also been affected by the pandemic. [13][14] Empirical evidence on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on MVCs is scarce, as many countries publish data with a significant time lag. Early empirical evidence suggests that there has been a decrease in collisions during the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empty Streets, Speeding and Motor Vehicle Collisions during Covid-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Northern Ireland

Vandoros

Papailias

2021

Preprint

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Covid-19 and lockdowns have had spillover effects on other health outcomes. Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) are likely to have been affected by the pandemic due to, among others, less traffic volume and speeding on empty streets. This paper studies the impact of the pandemic on MVCs in Northern Ireland. Using monthly data on injuries and deaths, we find a steep decline in slight and serious injuries compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the pandemic. However, we find no effect on the number of deaths. Based on data from speeding tickets, a plausible explanation for the differential effect on the number of injuries and deaths is speeding on empty streets during the pandemic.

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“…3 4 The behaviours investigated here include physical activity, diet, alcohol, and sleep 5 -likely key contributors to existing health inequalities 6 and indirectly implicated in inequalities arising due to COVID-19 given their link with outcomes such as obesity and diabetes. 7 While empirical evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on such behaviours is emerging, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] it is currently difficult to interpret for multiple reasons. First, generalising from one study location and/or period of data collection to another is complicated by the vastly different societal responses to COVID-19 which could plausibly impact on such behaviours, such as restrictions to movement, access to restaurants/pubs, and access to support services to reduce substance use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the behavioural determinants of health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: gender, socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in 5 British cohort studies

Bann

Villadsen

Maddock

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and consequent physical distancing measures are expected to have far-reaching consequences on population health, particularly in already disadvantaged groups. These consequences include changes in health impacting behaviours (such as exercise, sleep, diet and alcohol use) which are arguably important drivers of health inequalities. We sought to add to the rapidly developing empirical evidence base investigating the impacts of the pandemic on such behavioural outcomes. Methods: Using data from five nationally representative British cohort studies (born 2001, 1990, 1970, 1958, and 1946), we investigated sleep, physical activity (exercise), diet, and alcohol intake (N=14,297). Using measures of each behaviour reported before and during lockdown, we investigated change in each behaviour, and whether such changes differed by age/cohort, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position (SEP; childhood social class, education attainment, and adult reporting of financial difficulties). Binary or ordered logistic regression models were used, adjusting for prior measures of each health behaviour and accounting for study design and non-response weights. Meta-analyses were used to pool cohort-specific estimates and formally test for heterogeneity across cohorts. Results: Changes in these outcomes occurred in in both directions ie, shifts from the middle part of the distribution to both declines and increases in sleep, exercise, and alcohol use. For all outcomes, older cohorts were less likely to report changes in behaviours compared with younger cohorts. In the youngest cohort (born 2001), the following shifts were more evident: increases in exercise, fruit and vegetable intake, sleep, and less frequent alcohol consumption. After adjustment for prior behaviour levels, during lockdown females were less likely to sleep within the typical range (6-9 hours) yet exercised more frequently; lower SEP was associated with lower odds of sleeping within the typical range (6-9 hours), lower exercise participation, and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables; and ethnic minorities were less likely than White participants to sleep within the typical range (6-9 hours), exercise less frequently, yet reported less frequent alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the multiple changes to behavioural outcomes that may have occurred due to COVID-19 lockdown, and the differential impacts across generation, gender, SEP and ethnicity. Such changes require further monitoring given their possible implications to population health and the widening of health inequalities.

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Effects of lockdown on human sleep and chronotype during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 217 publications

References 10 publications

COVID-19-mandated social restrictions unveil the impact of social time pressure on sleep and body clock

COVID-19-mandated social restrictions unveil the impact of social time pressure on sleep and body clock

Empty Streets, Speeding and Motor Vehicle Collisions during Covid-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Northern Ireland

Changes in the behavioural determinants of health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: gender, socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in 5 British cohort studies

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