Effects of Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis and Associated Gene Expression in Microalga Tetraselmis sp.

The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

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“…The most representative species of microalgae rich in fatty acids are Tetraselmis sp . and Nannochloropsis oculata [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Colorectal Cancer As a Consequence Of Chronic Inflammatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer

et al. 2015

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“…Independtly , Nannochloropsis oleoabundans HK-129 produced its highest lipid content under a light intensity of 14 800 Lux (199.8 μmol photons.m −2 .s −1 ) [15]. According to He et al [10], the maximum lipid content of Chlorella sp. L1 (33.03% DW) was reached under a light intensity of 400 μmol photons.m −2 .s −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae species generate some natural adaptation mechanisms under several, even noxious, culture conditions. These mechanisms induced modifications in their biochemical composition, like changing intracellular fatty acid biosynthesis as a protection against osmotic stress resulting from salinity changes [10]. Many researches conducted on lipid metabolism showed that several factors could affect lipid biosynthesis and their accumulation in microalgae, such as high light intensity [11–13], high salinity [14, 15], nitrogen and phosphorus starvation [16, 17], temperature [18–20] and pH [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, carbon fixation resulted in producing a triose phosphate as a primary product that can be involved in lipid or starch biosynthesis [22]. Salinity stress can lead to decrease or stop microalgal growth, biomass production and conversion of photosynthetic energy to chemical energy for fatty acid and starch synthesis [10]. According to Rodolfi et al [23] and Studt [24], green microalgae cultures can produce oil with a yield 5 to 20 times that of common plant under stress culture conditions [25, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine green microalgae species such as Nannochloropsis sp. produced a total lipid content of more than 47% DW when cultivated at optimal temperature, salinity and light intensity [10]. In this study, the marine green microalga Tetraselmis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced lipid and biomass production by a newly isolated and identified marine microalga

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe increasing demand for microalgae lipids as an alternative to fish has encouraged researchers to explore oleaginous microalgae for food uses. In this context, optimization of growth and lipid production by the marine oleaginous V2-strain-microalgae is of great interest as it contains large amounts of mono-unsaturated (MUFAs) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).MethodsIn this study, the isolated V2 strain was identified based on 23S rRNA gene. Growth and lipid production conditions were optimized by using the response surface methodology in order to maximize its cell growth and lipid content that was quantified by both flow cytometry and the gravimetric method. The intracellular lipid bodies were detected after staining with Nile red by epifluorescence microscopy. The fatty acid profile of optimal culture conditions was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector.ResultsThe phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the strain V2 was affiliated to Tetraselmis genus. The marine microalga is known as an interesting oleaginous species according to its high lipid production and its fatty acid composition. The optimization process showed that maximum cell abundance was achieved under the following conditions: pH: 7, salinity: 30 and photosynthetic light intensity (PAR): 133 μmol photons.m−2.s−1. In addition, the highest lipid content (49 ± 2.1% dry weight) was obtained at pH: 7, salinity: 37.23 and photosynthetic light intensity (PAR): 188 μmol photons.m−2.s−1. The fatty acid profile revealed the presence of 39.2% and 16.1% of total fatty acids of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), respectively. Omega 3 (ω3), omega 6 (ω6) and omega 9 (ω9) represented 5.28%, 8.12% and 32.8% of total fatty acids, respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed the successful optimization of salinity, light intensity and pH for highest growth, lipid production and a good fatty acid composition, making strain V2 highly suitable for food and nutraceutical applications.

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Microalgae processing for jet fuel production

Bwapwa

Anandraj

Trois

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study focuses on the laboratory production of jet fuel from microalgae. In contrast with many studies that use partial nutrient starvation to boost lipid content of the species, physiological modification was undertaken under complete nutrient starvation for 3 days to increase lipid content beyond 80%. This was followed by biomass harvesting, which was necessary for downstream processes. Large amounts of biomass were achieved between day 8 and day 10 during the cultivation period, with temperatures ranging between 15 and 35 °C under constant luminance of 1000 lux and daily supply of CO2 for 15 days. It was found that Nannochloropsis sp. grew effectively between 15 °C and 25 °C with more biomass produced in the same temperature range. Conversion processes involved steps such as oil extraction, thermal cracking without catalyst at 300 °C and fractionation between 70 °C and 250 °C. The pyrolysis of bio‐oil was also undertaken as a fast cracking process for the temperature ranging between 350 °C and 450 °C within 12 s. Some parameters such as flash point, net heat of combustion, sulfur, and viscosity complied with ASTM standards. Jet fuel from microalgae therefore shows potential despite many challenges related to cost effectiveness and sustainability. In order to obtain a bio‐jet fuel that is completely compliant with ASTM standards, upgrading, reforming processes, and the use of additives will be needed more, especially for pilot and large‐scale production once fuel sustainability is achieved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Effects of Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis and Associated Gene Expression in Microalga Tetraselmis sp.

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer

Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer

Enhanced lipid and biomass production by a newly isolated and identified marine microalga

Microalgae processing for jet fuel production

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