Effects of long-term administration of omeprazole on bone mineral density and the mechanical properties of the bone

Abstract

ObjectivesEpidemiological studies have shown a relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and bone metabolism. However, this relationship has not yet become established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties and bone mineral density (BMD) of rats that were subjected to long-term omeprazole use.MethodsFifty Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240 g were divided equally into five groups: OMP300 (omeprazole intake at a dose of 300 μmoL/kg/day); OMP200 (200 μmoL/kg/day); OMP40 (40 μmoL/kg/day); OMP10 (10 μmoL/kg/day); and Cont (control group; intake of dilution vehicle). The solutions were administered for 90 consecutive days. After the rats had been sacrificed, their BMD, the mechanical properties of the dissected femurs and their serum Ca++ levels were analyzed.ResultsThe BMD of the OMP300 group was lower than that of the controls (p = 0.006). There was no difference on comparing the OMP200, OMP40 and OMP10 groups with the controls. The maximum strength and rigidity of the femur did not differ in the experimental groups in comparison with the controls. The OMP300 group had a statistically lower serum Ca++ concentration than that of the controls (p = 0.049), but the other groups did not show any difference in relation to the controls.ConclusionDaily intake of 300 μmoL/kg/day of omeprazole decreased the BMD of the femur, but without changes to the rigidity and strength of the femur in adult rats.

Early Acid Suppression Therapy Exposure and Fracture in Young Children

“…These findings are consistent with adult studies linking AST with increased risk for osteoporotic fracture. 31,32 Results are also consistent with research linking fracture with early PPI use in infants who were sick and healthy, 22, and with findings that PPIs did not increase fracture risk in older children, 21 because AST initiation after age 1 was not associated with fracture.…”

Pharmacological Effects and Toxicogenetic Impacts of Omeprazole: Genomic Instability and Cancer

“…Figure 2 shows the adverse effects of OME. Evidences suggest that OME treatment can alter the gastrointestinal bacterial flora in response to decreased acid formation [106,107] and increased gastrin production that causes hypergastrinemia. These events can result in gastric polyps, increased risk of bacterial infection, especially H. pylori, and gastric cancer as a consequence of the decreased somatostatin release from D cells [108].…”

“…Severe pathological alterations on the stomach mucosa can lead to peptic ulcer and gastric cancer [20], especially due to complications with H. pylori infection and exposure to acid and pepsin [46,107]. Gastric cancer is the 15 th leading cause of death by cancer, more frequent in men and mostly influenced by age, diet, and stomach diseases, including H. pylori infection [193].…”

Proton Pump Inhibitors in Veterinary Medicine

“…The reasons of these effects were reported as hypochlorhydria, reduced intestinal calcium absorption and subsequent negative calcium balance caused by PPIs. The possibility of fracture risk is particularly important in horses treated by PPIs (Caston et al, 2015;Yanagihara et al, 2015). However, a recent study showed that administration of omeprazole for 60 days was not significantly affect serum total calcium and ionized serum calcium concentrations and bone density or bone mineral density in normal horses (Caston et al, 2015).…”