Effects of Long-term Cotton Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbiome

Abstract

Verticillium wilt is a severe disease of cotton crops in Xinjiang and affecting yields and quality, due to the continuous cotton cropping in the past decades. The relationship between continuous cropping and the changes induced on soil microbiome remains unclear to date. In this study, the culture types of 15 isolates from Bole (5F), Kuitun (7F), and Shihezi (8F) of north Xinjiang were sclerotium type. Only isolates from field 5F belonged to nondefoliating pathotype, the others belonged to defoliating pathotype. The isolates showed pathogenicity differentiation in cotton. Fungal and bacterial communities in soils had some difference in alpha-diversity, relative abundance, structure and taxonomic composition, but microbial groups showed similarity in the same habitat, despite different sampling sites. The fungal phyla Ascomycota, and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were strongly enriched. Verticillium abundance was significantly and positively correlated with AN, but negatively correlated with soil OM, AK and pH. Moreover, Verticillium was correlated in abundances with 5 fungal and 6 bacterial genera. Overall, we demonstrate that soil microbiome communities have similar responses to long-term continuous cotton cropping, providing new insights into the effects of continuous cotton cropping on soil microbial communities.

Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Response to Continuous Cropping of Tibetan Barley

“…Similar results have also been observed in soil with continuous cropping of cotton and tea (Li Y.C. et al, 2016;Wei and Yu, 2018;Xi et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2020). We inferred that changes in soil chemical properties could have contributed to the distinct variations in bacterial community structures, as soil chemical properties play critical roles in microbial community structures (Kuramae et al, 2012).…”

“…The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased during continuous cropping, and Xanthomonadaceae increased at 4 years of monocropping and was restored after 6 years of continuous cropping (Supplementary Figure S3). Similarly, Actinobacteria was strongly enriched in the soil after long-term cotton continuous cropping (Xi et al, 2019). Actinobacteria take part in the global carbon cycle and break down soil organic matter (Upchurch et al, 2008).…”

Continuous Cropping Alters Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Indicators of Soil Health

“…Similarly, the CC of legume pea plants changed the composition of soil microbial communities by negatively affecting the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and gram-positive bacteria [125]. Similarly, the CC of cotton increased the abundance of certain soil fungal taxa such as Ascomycota [126], while the differential effects of monoculture cropping systems such as soybean [127], peanut [128], and vanilla [129] on soil microbial community composition and diversity were also reported. A recent study investigated the impact of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on soil microbial communities under sorghum-maize rotation, sorghum, and maize CC systems [17].…”

Metagenomic Analysis Exploring Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Sugarcane Fields Applied with Organic Fertilizer

“…Effective phosphorus (AP) was measured using hydrochloric acid and ammonium fluoride following the molybdenum blue protocol [ 20 ]. The alkaline hydrolyzable diffusion and potassium dichromate external heating methods were used to measure available nitrogen (AN) and organic matter (OM), respectively [ 21 , 22 ]. We used ammonium acetate to extract available potassium (AK) and measured it by flame photometry [ 23 ].…”