Effects of Long-Term Endurance Exercise and Lithium Treatment on Neuroprotective Factors in Hippocampus of Obese Rats

Park, Ju-Sik; Cheon, Woo-Kwang; Kim, Kijin

doi:10.3390/ijerph17093317

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, exercise can prevent and even counteract cognitive decline, and physical inactivity is a major risk factor for the development of AD [ 149 - 151 ]. The neuroprotective effects of exercise, like Li, can occur through several pathways, including but not limited to improvements in glucose regulation and insulin signalling [ 149 , 150 , 152 , 153 ], increases in BDNF expression [ 149 ], and reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation [ 150 ]. The fact that Li and regular exercise appear to act on similar pathways raises the possibility that Li may mimic or perhaps amplify the effects of exercise.…”

Section: Low-dose Lithium and Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation

Hamstra

Roy

Tiidus

et al. 2023

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Lithium is most well-known for its mood stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However, several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the body. Currently, literature shows that low dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low dose lithium providing a similar and sometimes synergistic effect to exercise in these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus on low dose lithium’s potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although lithium’s actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium, particularly at a low dose is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible mechanistic insights for future research in this field.

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Section: Low-dose Lithium and Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation

Hamstra

Roy

Tiidus

et al. 2023

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“…Endurance exercise (EE) is neuroprotective against AD [ 444 , 445 ]. Exercise activates continuous oxidative stress that induces a series of counteractive mechanisms.…”

Section: Possible Intervention For Neuroinflammation In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise with increasing age. There are currently no effective disease modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic and personal costs. Increasing age is associated with an increase in low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in AD. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous and exogenous processes in the brain may not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, a compromised immune privilege of the brain that allows the infiltration of peripheral immune cells and infectious agents may play a role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis may drive the neuroinflammatory process. Considering that inflammatory/immune pathways are dysregulated in parallel with cognitive dysfunction in AD, elucidating the relationship between the central nervous system and the immune system may facilitate the development of a safe and effective therapy for AD. We discuss some current ideas on processes in inflammaging that appear to drive the neurodegenerative process in AD and summarize details on a few immunomodulatory strategies being developed to selectively target the detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation without affecting defense mechanisms against pathogens and tissue damage.

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“…Ben Saad et al observed an enhancement of ALT and AST in the serum of rats receiving lithium carbonate [35]. However, in this case, contradicting outcomes were also reported by Park et al who did not observe any changes of these enzymes in obese rats given LiCl [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The influence of lithium and/or selenium on plasma amino acids profile in rats

Kiełczykowska¹,

Musik²,

Luchowska-Kocot³

et al. 2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Selenium belongs to essential microelements and is used in agriculture. Lithium is used in medicine and the possibility of its exposure by environmental pollution has been reported. Both elements have been found to be connected with amino acids metabolism. Objective. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of lithium and selenium on plasma amino acids in rats, and to evaluate the influence of selenium in organisms exposed to lithium. Materials and method. The effect of selenium (0.5 mg/kg b.w., orally as Na 2 SeO 3 ) and/or lithium (2.7 mg/kg b.w., orally as Li 2 CO 3 ) given for 6 weeks on the plasma profile of selected amino acids in rats was studied. The concentrations of amino acids were determined using ion exchange chromatography with the aid of an amino acids analyzer AAA400. Results. A significant effect of lithium on plasma amino acids profile was found in rats, much greater than for selenium. Selenium treatment slightly increased Tau, Phe, Tyr, Ala, Trp, Ser and Gln, while Lys and Orn were enhanced in a significant way. In contrast, Li-treatment caused a well-marked increase in Phe, Orn, Ala, His, Trp, Asp and Gln, whereas all the others were only slightly increased. Co-treatment resulted in a significant increase in Orn and Trp, a slight enhancement of Phe, Lys and His, while the rest remained unchanged. Conclusions. A significant effect of lithium alone on plasma amino acids profile in animals was demonstrated, with a much less influence of selenium alone. Co-treatment generally resulted in a slight or no effect. The slight selenium influence seems important regarding its agricultural application and the growing interest in its supplementation. Results concerning lithium could contribute to the research regarding the mechanism of Li action.

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Effects of Long-Term Endurance Exercise and Lithium Treatment on Neuroprotective Factors in Hippocampus of Obese Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation

Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

The influence of lithium and/or selenium on plasma amino acids profile in rats

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