Effects of long-term greywater disposal on soil: A case study

Siggins, Alma; Burton, Vanessa; Ross, C. W.; Lowe, Hamish; Horswell, Jacqui

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.084

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CEC value at each varying depth for GCS at Ibadan increased relative to CEC value of CS. This is in agreement with similar increase in CEC for surfactant-rich soil obtained by Mohamed et al (2018a) and Siggins et al (2016). For Isolu samples, the CEC value of Isolu GCS increased over that of CS only at 0.5 m depth.…”

Section: Physico-chemical and Hydraulic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The pH of GCS at Ibadan increased for each sampling depth when compared with control pH value but only increased at 0.5 m depth for GCS at Isolu. The increase in soil pH for GCS at Ibadan agrees with results of Mohamed et al (2018a), Siggins et al (2016) and Shifa and Thomas (2017) that reported increase in pH of soil contaminated with laundry detergent. The decrease in soil pH of Isolu GCS relative to control pH value at 1.0 and 1.5 m is in line with decreased soil pH in soil irrigated with greywater reported by Mohamed et al (2013).…”

Section: Physico-chemical and Hydraulic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Greywater may contain various physicochemical contaminants and organic micropollutants (OMPs) at levels that can cause unfavourable effects on soil, plant, water, human beings and environment (Kopittke et al 2011;Mohamed et al 2013;Edokpayi et al 2017). Continuous release of greywater on a particular area over a long period of time may lead to surface ponding, runoff and likely contamination of shallow groundwater sources (Tarchouna et al 2010;Siggins et al 2016;Edokpayi et al 2017). Dissolved salts in greywater may also cause eutrophication in addition to pollution of surface water bodies, thus causing irreparable damage to aquatic system (Pinto et al 2010;Turner et al 2013;Katukiza et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of geotechnical and physico-chemical properties of age-long greywater-contaminated soils in basement complex areas, southwest Nigeria

2020

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Bathroom-rich greywater coming directly in contact with virgin soil for years contaminates soil and alters its properties. The degree of alteration of soil properties may also depend on geological settings from which the soil was formed. The present study was designed to investigate the physico-chemical and geotechnical properties of greywater-contaminated soil (GCS) in different soils of basement complex formation. Soil samples were collected from greywater discharge zones and control soil (CS) in two locations (Mapo in Ibadan, Oyo State and Isolu in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria) at the depths of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m from the surface, and the soil properties were analysed following standard procedures in the laboratory. The experiment consists of two modes: CS with no presence of greywater and GCS. The results of this study showed that alteration of most analysed properties depends greatly on sampling depth. There is increased in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, dry density (DD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat) and shear strength (SS) in GCS at Mapo over their control values, while porosity, Atterberg limits (ALs), plasticity index and moisture content (MC) were reduced relative to the CS at all sampling depths. However, only bearing ratio improved at each sampling depth in GCS at Isolu, while alterations in other analysed properties did not follow clear trend. Correlation coefficient showed positive correlation between % clay and AL, porosity and ALs; MC and ALs at 1% level, while negative correlation exists between DD and ALs, % sand and ALs as well as K sat and ALs at the two locations. Two-way ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference at 5% level (p < 0.05) based on sampling depths for most analysed properties except SS, organic matter and soil resistivity. Further investigation is needed to study the trend of alteration of soil properties with depth on GCS at other soil types and geological formations.

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Section: Physico-chemical and Hydraulic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Physico-chemical and Hydraulic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of geotechnical and physico-chemical properties of age-long greywater-contaminated soils in basement complex areas, southwest Nigeria

2020

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“…Monitoring greywater quality is important for its impact on irrigated plants, soil and groundwater, especially in the long term, but is outside the scope of the paper. Many factors affect the magnitude and degree of impact including irrigation method, plant type, soil characteristics and distance to groundwater [26,27]. Our case studies followed the Code of Practice of the DoH [18], which are conservative, and in our case, studies ensuring daily irrigation rate of below 10mm/day, the use of below ground drip irrigation, distance to groundwater greater than 1m and using perennials with no edible part in contact with the greywater.…”

Section: Water Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Benefits of Residential Greywater Reuse

Byrne

Dallas

Anda

et al. 2020

Water

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There is paucity of data on the quantification of the benefits of residential greywater reuse via direct diversion. While estimates have been made based on modelling the potential mains water savings, it is also recognised that the practicalities of system operation and occupant behaviour introduce substantial variation to these estimates. Three single residential housing projects in Fremantle, Western Australia, undertaken over ten years with a substantial focus on water efficiency and mains water substitution, have provided an opportunity to quantify these benefits. All three dwellings were intensively metered and documented. This paper describes the learnings generated along the way, including the methodology developed to effectively integrate direct diversion greywater reuse into a productive garden, along with other water sources to satisfy landscape water demand. Importantly a robust quantification of actual greywater volumes and associated mains water savings was made. The publication of actual greywater volumes will significantly contribute to this field and go a long way towards validating the merits of residential greywater reuse on mains water savings when systems are properly installed and operated. Brief considerations are also provided for energy efficiency and financial assessment.

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“…Tobiašová et al (2011) noted that in agro-ecosystems, humans change the soil structure via the burial of various crop residues, organic fertilizer application, cultivation, and land use. However, most researchers have only focused on macroscopic changes in soil, such as soil erosion (Fu et al, 2009), soil nutrition (Mazzoncini et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2015), soil pollution (Gómez-Sagasti et al, 2012;Szolnoki et al, 2013;Burges et al, 2015), and soil salinization (Masto et al, 2008;Al-Hamaiedeh and Bino, 2010;Rezapour and Samadi, 2012;Siggins et al, 2016). Researchers have generally neglected the intrinsic evolution of soil quality as a result of long-term human agricultural activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term agricultural activity affects anthropogenic soil on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Wang

Reynolds³

et al. 2017

J. Arid Land

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Anthropogenic activities largely influence the soil quality of agricultural fields and the composition of soil. Samples of typical anthropogenic Loutu soil in the Guanzhong area of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, China were collected and measured for soil compaction, bulk density, total organic carbon (TOC), active organic carbon (AOC), and soil enzyme activities to investigate spatial variations in soil quality. The results indicate that soil compaction and bulk density increased with increasing distance from the farm village, whereas soil TOC, AOC, and soil enzyme activities firstly increased and subsequently decreased with increasing distance from the farm village. All of the tested parameters presented clear concentric distribution. Vertically, soil compaction and bulk density in the topsoil were lower than those in the subsoil, but all other tested parameters in the topsoil were significantly higher than those in the subsoil. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between organic carbon content and enzyme activities, confirming that the spatial distribution of Loutu soil characteristics has been affected by long-term anthropogenic activities to some extent. The results of this study imply that the use of farmyard manure and appropriate deep plowing are important and effective ways to maintain and improve soil quality.

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Effects of long-term greywater disposal on soil: A case study

Cited by 43 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of geotechnical and physico-chemical properties of age-long greywater-contaminated soils in basement complex areas, southwest Nigeria

Assessment of geotechnical and physico-chemical properties of age-long greywater-contaminated soils in basement complex areas, southwest Nigeria

Quantifying the Benefits of Residential Greywater Reuse

Long-term agricultural activity affects anthropogenic soil on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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