Effects of low-intensity AC and/or DC electromagnetic fields on cell attachment and induction of apoptosis

Blumenthal, Norman C.; Ricci, John L.; Breger, Lance; Zychlinsky, Arturo; Solomon, Harrison B.; Chen, Guo Gang; Kuznetsov, Dmitry; Dorfman, Roman

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1997)18:3<264::aid-bem10>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both hydroxy radical and nitric oxide have been shown to cause apoptotic and necrotic cell death, especially in brain cells (Simonian and Coyle 1996). In addition to the present study, others have shown apoptosis in various other cell types after exposure to extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic fields (Blumenthal et al 1997;Ismael et al 1998;Phillips et al 1997;Simko et al 1998;Singh et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.

Lai

Singh

2004

Environ Health Perspect

281

173

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In previous research, we found that rats acutely (2 hr) exposed to a 60-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at intensities of 0.1-0.5 millitesla (mT) showed increases in DNA single-and double-strand breaks in their brain cells. Further research showed that these effects could be blocked by pretreating the rats with the free radical scavengers melatonin and N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone, suggesting the involvement of free radicals. In the present study, effects of magnetic field exposure on brain cell DNA in the rat were further investigated. Exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field at 0.01 mT for 24 hr caused a significant increase in DNA single-and double-strand breaks. Prolonging the exposure to 48 hr caused a larger increase. This indicates that the effect is cumulative. In addition, treatment with Trolox (a vitamin E analog) or 7-nitroindazole (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) blocked magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks. These data further support a role of free radicals on the effects of magnetic fields. Treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone also blocked the effects of magnetic fields on brain cell DNA, suggesting the involvement of iron. Acute magnetic field exposure increased apoptosis and necrosis of brain cells in the rat. We hypothesize that exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field initiates an iron-mediated process (e.g., the Fenton reaction) that increases free radical formation in brain cells, leading to DNA strand breaks and cell death. This hypothesis could have an important implication for the possible health effects associated with exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields in the public and occupational environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.

Lai

Singh

2004

Environ Health Perspect

281

173

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“…High levels of intensity and the power of EMFs and waves increase free radical formation (Moustafa et al 2001;Zmyslony et al 2004;Simko et al 2006). Exposure to low-frequency EMF (0-300 Hz) can lead to cell death, as a result of the increase in f r e e o x y g e n r a d i c a l s a n d D N A d a m a g e (Blumenthal et al 1997;Lai and Singh 2004;Yokus et al 2005). It is still uncertain whether exposure to power-line frequency EMF may constitute a risk to human health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Supplementation Ameliorates Electromagnetic Field-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Rat Brain

Bediz

Baltacı

Moğulkoç

et al. 2006

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Extremely low-frequency (0-300 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by power lines, wiring and home appliances are ubiquitous in our environment. All populations are now exposed to EMF, and exposure to EMF may pose health risks. Some of the adverse health effects of EMF exposure are lipid peroxidation and cell damage in various tissues. This study has investigated the effects of EMF exposure and zinc administration on lipid peroxidation in the rat brain. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups; they were maintained untreated for 6 months (control, n = 8), exposed to low-frequency (50 Hz) EMF for 5 minutes every other day for 6 months (n = 8), or exposed to EMF and received zinc sulfate daily (3 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (n = 8). We measured plasma levels of zinc and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes. TBARS and GSH levels were also determined in the brain tissues. TBARS levels in the plasma and brain tissues were higher in EMF-exposed rats with or without zinc supplementation, than those in controls ( p < 0.001). In addition, TBARS levels were significantly lower in the zinc-supplemented rats than those in the EMF-exposed rats ( p < 0.001). GSH levels were significantly decreased in the brain and erythrocytes of the EMF-exposed rats ( p < 0.01), and were highest in the zinc-supplemented rats ( p < 0.001). Plasma zinc was significantly lower in the EMF-exposed rats than those in controls ( p < 0.001), while it was highest in the zinc-supplemented rats ( p < 0.001). The present study suggests that long-term exposure to low-frequency EMF increases lipid peroxidation in the brain, which may be ameliorated by zinc supplementation. electromagnetic field; lipid peroxidation; zinc; brain

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“…Studies show that 0.25 mT SMF can operate apoptosis in fibroblast cells of rat (Blumenthal and Ricci 1997). Also in another research, 7 mT SMF in the presence of iron ion can cause cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) that is justified with the influence of magnetic field on free radicals (Jajte and Grzegorczyk 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Investigation of the effects of static magnetic field on apoptosis in bone marrow stem cells of rat

et al. 2009

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This research was carried out to evaluate the influence of static magnetic field on the rate of apoptosis in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) of rats. Extracted cells were suspended in aMEM as a culture media for 48 h. After that, cells were exposed to 15 mT static magnetic field (SMF) for 5 h, incessantly with or without FeCl 2 . The rate of apoptosis was then assessed via flow cytometery. The results showed that either treatment with FeCl 2 or exposure to SMF enhanced the rate of apoptotic cells. Moreover, cells that were treated simultaneously with FeCl 2 and SMF have higher rate of apoptosis. An increase in apoptosis by 26.5% was induced by SMF alone and an increase in apoptosis by 28.2% was induced by a combination of FeCl 2 and SMF, compared to their corresponding controls. The results recommended that the effects of SMF on apoptosis may be related to increment of the number of free radicals in the cells.

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Effects of low-intensity AC and/or DC electromagnetic fields on cell attachment and induction of apoptosis

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.

Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.

Zinc Supplementation Ameliorates Electromagnetic Field-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Rat Brain

Investigation of the effects of static magnetic field on apoptosis in bone marrow stem cells of rat

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