Effects of Low Temperature on Shrimp and Crab Physiology, Behavior, and Growth: A Review

Abstract

As important aquaculture species worldwide, shrimps and crabs are thermophilic animals with a feeble thermoregulation ability. Changes in environmental factors are the main reason for the decrease in the immunity and disease resistance ability of cultured organisms. Water temperature is one of the most common abiotic stress factors for aquatic ectotherms. It influences nearly all biochemical and physiological processes in crustaceans, resulting in an imbalance in ion and water homeostasis, neuromuscular function loss, cellular dehydration, and altered metabolic pathways. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of low temperature on the physiological response, and the behavior, development, and growth of shrimp and crab. We suggest a deeper research to understand the physiological processes involved in thermoregulation; this knowledge could be used to reduce the adverse effects in the shrimps and crabs during the culture.

Effects of Low Temperature on Antioxidant and Heat Shock Protein Expression Profiles and Transcriptomic Responses in Crayfish (Cherax destructor)

“…Water temperature is an inevitable factor causing aquatic animal stress, affecting almost all physiological and biochemical processes of poikilothermic animals. It can inhibit individual growth or even lead to death at low temperatures [ 1 , 2 ]. When the water temperature changes beyond the tolerance temperature range of poikilothermic animals, oxygen free radicals increase, antioxidant-enzyme activity decreases, oxidative damage is aggravated, and immunity becomes suppressed in the organism [ 3 , 4 ].…”

The Influence of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy on the Microbiome, Neuroendocrine and Immune System of Crustacean Post Larvae

“…The over-expression of the CHH gene induced in photoexcited curcumin treatment may contribute to the induction of phagocytosis and stimulation of immune functions in P. monodon. Over-expression of the CHH gene and hyperglycaemia are a general response of many aquatic animals towards environmental stress, metal pollution, and infections [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The ROS accumulation created by the photoexcited curcumin also would have triggered the expression of CHH in the same way a bacterial infection does.…”

Effects of low-temperature stress on intestinal structure, enzyme activities and metabolomic analysis of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

“…In healthy organisms, free radical production and elimination are in dynamic balance. However, in adversity, stress will trigger reactions from mitochondria, microsomes, and the cytoplasm's enzyme systems and non-enzyme systems, resulting in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen free radicals, breaking the reactive oxygen metabolism balance (Ren et al, 2021;Wade et al, 2017). Cellular damage caused by oxidative stress can be determined by the level of lipid peroxidation in cells and tissues (Mensah et al, 2012).…”

“…Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants scavenge ROS and free radicals as part of the primary defense response against oxidative stress and cell damage (El-Gendy et al, 2010). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and SOD, along with reduced glutathione (GSH), are the main antioxidative enzymes that detoxify ROS in all organisms (Lesser, 2006;Zheng et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2021). The antioxidant capacity of aquatic organisms has a high correlation with water temperature (Gieseg et al, 2000;Ren et al, 2021).…”