Effects of lumbosacral epidural ketamine and lidocaine inxylazine-sedated cats : article

DeRossi, Rafael; Benites, Ariane Pereira; Ferreira, José Pedro; Neto, Jônatas Melo; Hermeto, Larissa Corrêa

doi:10.4102/jsava.v80i2.175

“…Co-administration of ketamine and lidocaine epidurally increased duration of caudal analgesia in cats and dogs compared with administration of lidocaine or ketamine alone (DeRossi et al 2009;DeRossi et al 2011). Moulvi et al (2011) evaluated caudal analgesic effects following epidural injection of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine in cow calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)

Azari

¹

,

Molaei

²

,

Ehsani

³

2014

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This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine and a combination of lidocaine and ketamine following epidural administration in dromedary camels. Ten 12-18-month-old camels were randomly divided into two equal groups. In group L, the animals received 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LK the animals received a mixture of 10% ketamine (1 mg/kg) and 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) administered into the first intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) epidural space while standing. Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia, sedation level and ataxia were recorded after drug administration. Data were analysed by U Mann-Whitney tests and significance was taken as p < 0.05. The results showed that epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and ketamine produced complete analgesia in the tail, anus and perineum. Epidural administration of the lidocaine-ketamine mixture resulted in mild to moderate sedation, whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study. Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-ketamine mixture. It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus ketamine resulted in longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone.

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“…The combination of ketamine with lidocaine has shown prolonged analgesic effects in cats, though severe ataxia was observed. Despite some studies highlighting ketamine's analgesic potential, its use is cautioned against until more information on its neurotoxic effects is available [20][21][22][23][24] emphasize that ketamine should not be administered epidurally or intrathecally until further studies report its neurotoxic effects.…”

Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in epidural anesthesia for small animals: a comprehensive literature review

de Paula Serrano,

Rinaldi Fukushima,

Weckx Peña Muñoz

et al. 2024

JDVAR

0

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Epidural anesthesia is a loco-regional blocking technique used to prevent and control pain in pathological processes and surgical procedures, widely used in veterinary medicine. The present work aims at performing a detailed literature review, preferably of the last twenty years, on the various aspects of this technique, including anatomy of the epidural space and peculiarities in small animals, pharmacology and toxicology of the main local anesthetics used, methods for identifying the epidural space, as well as recommended doses, indications, contraindications, and complications of the procedure. With the development of this literature review, it was found that the volume, concentration, and mass of local anesthetics, in addition to knowledge of anatomy and pharmacology of local anesthetics, plays a key role in the success of the technique. Moreover, it was noticed that, with the advent of ultrasonography, the identification of the epidural space is more accurate, compared to other methods. It was concluded that epidural anesthesia is a safe procedure, but not free of possible complications and side effects, as well as any anesthetic procedure. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate each case individually, always valuing the welfare of the patient.

show abstract

“…The combination of ketamine with lidocaine has shown prolonged analgesic effects in cats, though severe ataxia was observed. Despite some studies highlighting ketamine's analgesic potential, its use is cautioned against until more information on its neurotoxic effects is available [20][21][22][23][24] emphasize that ketamine should not be administered epidurally or intrathecally until further studies report its neurotoxic effects.…”

Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2024

JDVAR

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidural anesthesia is a loco-regional blocking technique used to prevent and control pain in pathological processes and surgical procedures, widely used in veterinary medicine. The present work aims at performing a detailed literature review, preferably of the last twenty years, on the various aspects of this technique, including anatomy of the epidural space and peculiarities in small animals, pharmacology and toxicology of the main local anesthetics used, methods for identifying the epidural space, as well as recommended doses, indications, contraindications, and complications of the procedure. With the development of this literature review, it was found that the volume, concentration, and mass of local anesthetics, in addition to knowledge of anatomy and pharmacology of local anesthetics, plays a key role in the success of the technique. Moreover, it was noticed that, with the advent of ultrasonography, the identification of the epidural space is more accurate, compared to other methods. It was concluded that epidural anesthesia is a safe procedure, but not free of possible complications and side effects, as well as any anesthetic procedure. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate each case individually, always valuing the welfare of the patient.

show abstract

Effects of lumbosacral epidural ketamine and lidocaine inxylazine-sedated cats : article

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)

Caudal epidural analgesia using lidocaine alone or in combination with ketamine in dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>)

Advancements in epidural anesthesia for small animals: a comprehensive literature review

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