Effects of lung volume and trigeminal nerve stimulation on diving response in breath-hold divers and non-divers

Peng, Heng; Oikawa, Satoshi; Inai, Yuto; Maeda, Seiji; Akama, Takao

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103918

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3 b and c). Previous studies have shown that bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction are greater in BHDs than in non-BHDs (Joulia et al 2009 ; Peng et al 2022 ). A strong bradycardia with apnea is considered a consequence of adaptation to diving and it may extend the breath-holding duration (Schagatay and Andersson 1998 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This response plays an important role in preserving the oxygen supply to vital organs such as the heart and brain (Nishiyasu et al 2012 ; Vestergaard and Larsson 2019 ) and cardiovascular responses induced by the breath-holding reflex may extend the maximal apnea time (Ferretti 2001 ). Breath-hold divers (BHDs) have a greater bradycardia with apnea and longer maximal apnea time than healthy age-matched non-breath-hold divers (non-BHDs) (Joulia et al 2009 ; Peng et al 2022 ). The greater bradycardic response to apnea in BHDs may be related to the divers swimming deeper and/or for longer without breathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers and non-breath-hold divers

Nobuhiro,

Heng,

Naoyuki

2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular responses to diving are characterized by two opposing responses: tachycardia resulting from exercise and bradycardia resulting from the apnea. The convergence of bradycardia and tachycardia may determine the cardiovascular responses to diving. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers (BHDs) and non-BHDs. We compared the cardiovascular responses to combined apnea and the mechanoreflex in BHDs and non-BHDs. All participants undertook three trials—apnea, passive leg cycling (PLC), and combined trials—for 30 s after rest. Cardiovascular variables were measured continuously. Nine BHD (male:female, 4:5; [means ± SD] age, 35 ± 6 years; height, 168.6 ± 4.6 cm; body mass, 58.4 ± 5.9 kg) and eight non-BHD (male:female, 4:4; [means ± SD] age, 35 ± 7 years; height, 163.9 ± 9.1 cm; body mass, 55.6 ± 7.2 kg) participants were included. Compared to the resting baseline, heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) significantly decreased during the combined trial in the BHD group, while they significantly increased during the combined trials in the non-BHD group (P < 0.05). Changes in the HR and CO were significantly lower in the BHD group than in the non-BHD group in the combined trial (P < 0.05). These results suggest that bradycardia with apnea in BHDs is prioritized over tachycardia with the mechanoreflex, whereas that in non-BHDs is not. This finding implies that diving training changes the interaction between apnea and the mechanoreflex in cardiovascular control.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers and non-breath-hold divers

Nobuhiro,

Heng,

Naoyuki

2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional stimulation of the RVLM C1 neurons during the compensatory response to hemorrhage does not significantly increase lumbar sympathetic nerve activity, and thus does not prevent decompensation. As TNS’ effect on BP functions via the RVLM (Peng et al 2022 ; McCulloch et al 1999 ), it is reasonable to infer that this same ceiling effect comes into play during TNS treatment of HS. The stronger the extant compensatory response, the lower response to additional RVLM C1 neuron activation is, resulting in a seemingly weaker effect of TNS on BP.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mediated via actions upon the brainstem and ANS, TNS indirectly induces peripheral vasoconstriction (Powell et al 2019 ). TNS activates the RVLM, C1, LC, and KF, inducing an upregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (Peng et al 2022 ; McCulloch et al 1999 ). SNS upregulation induces peripheral vasoconstriction and increases BP.…”

Section: Effects Of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is evidence that TNS also has systemic effects driven by ANS modulation (Li et al 2019 ), most notably peripheral vasoconstriction, cardiovascular modulation, and systemic anti-inflammation. While it is apparent that the peripheral vasoconstrictive response is mediated via the SNS (Peng et al 2022 ; McCulloch et al 1999 ) and upregulation of norepinephrine (Li et al 2019 ), the mechanisms underlying the modulation of cardiac performance and systemic anti-inflammatory effect are unclear. TNS presents a conditional effect on cardiac performance modulation, depending on stimulation parameters.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trigeminal nerve stimulation: a current state-of-the-art review

Powell,

Lin,

Tambo

et al. 2023

Bioelectron Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nearly 5 decades ago, the effect of trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on cerebral blood flow was observed for the first time. This implication directly led to further investigations and TNS’ success as a therapeutic intervention. Possessing unique connections with key brain and brainstem regions, TNS has been observed to modulate cerebral vasodilation, brain metabolism, cerebral autoregulation, cerebral and systemic inflammation, and the autonomic nervous system. The unique range of effects make it a prime therapeutic modality and have led to its clinical usage in chronic conditions such as migraine, prolonged disorders of consciousness, and depression. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of TNS research and its broader therapeutic potentialities. For the purpose of this review, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 28, 2023 to identify a total of 89 relevant studies, both clinical and pre-clinical. TNS harnesses the release of vasoactive neuropeptides, modulation of neurotransmission, and direct action upon the autonomic nervous system to generate a suite of powerful multitarget therapeutic effects. While TNS has been applied clinically to chronic pathological conditions, these powerful effects have recently shown great potential in a number of acute/traumatic pathologies. However, there are still key mechanistic and methodologic knowledge gaps to be solved to make TNS a viable therapeutic option in wider clinical settings. These include bimodal or paradoxical effects and mechanisms, questions regarding its safety in acute/traumatic conditions, the development of more selective stimulation methods to avoid potential maladaptive effects, and its connection to the diving reflex, a trigeminally-mediated protective endogenous reflex. The address of these questions could overcome the current limitations and allow TNS to be applied therapeutically to an innumerable number of pathologies, such that it now stands at the precipice of becoming a ground-breaking therapeutic modality.

show abstract

Effects of lung volume and trigeminal nerve stimulation on diving response in breath-hold divers and non-divers

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

The interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers and non-breath-hold divers

The interaction of breath holding and muscle mechanoreflex on cardiovascular responses in breath-hold divers and non-breath-hold divers

Trigeminal nerve stimulation: a current state-of-the-art review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About